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waterfalls of sweden.
333
gister of Waterfalls". This Register contains information on the flow of water
in the rivers at different water-levels, heights of falls, geological data, and so
forth, and should prove to be of great benefit for the development of the
water-power industry. The Ilydrographical Bureau also, insofar as its time allows,
undertakes, investigations and surveys for communes and private persons for which
certain fees are charged.
The Board of Waterfalls. The principal duties of the Board of Waterfalls,
in regard to water-powei in Sweden, are to adopt measures calculated to
encourage its exploitation. For this purpose it constructs and manages the State’s
own power works and is entitled to utilize the waterfalls which are not equipped
for the State, by leasing them to private persons or concerns. The planning
and advancement of lake-regulation works also falls within the work of the
Board. The Board is composed of a Chairman and Director,
"Vattenfallsdirektören", who devotes all his time to the business of the Board, and four
members who take an active part only in the treatment of more important matters.
These members act in the capacity of expert advisers in various practical
spheres, such as technique, commerce, industry, and law, and place the Board
in intimate communication with the needs of practical life. In the treatment
of special questions, such as those coming within the sphere of activity of the
Board of Agriculture, the Crown Lands Board and the Railway Board,
representatives of those bodies shall take part in the deliberations, but not in
decisions. However, in case one of these delegates records an opinion at
variance with the decision of the Board, that decision shall be submitted for the
consideration of Government. Thus, it. is intended that the Board of Waterfalls
shall as far as possible see matters from the practical point of view, moreover,
in virtue of the regulations of December 31, 1908, and of other resolutions, the
Board is armed with powers as to the conclusion of contracts, etc. which are
less restricted than is the case generally within the State Administration.
It is under the superintendence of the Board of Waterfalls that the big State
power stations have been erected or are in process of erection, notably those
at Trotthättan for 80 000, those at. Porjus for 50 000, and those at Älvkarleby
for 45 000 turbine horse-power.
Especially in the case of the two first-named stations there will be great
possibdities of further development, when the two sources of water-supply, Lake
Vänern and the Luleälv, have been regulated, while the Älvkarleby station
has been planned with a view to the regulation of Lake Siljan. The Board
have such regulation-problems under consideration.
The leasing of Stale waterfalls, on the other hand, has proceeded rather
languidly; partly because the State waterfalls are, as a rule, less suitably
located than a number of those in private hands; partly because it is more
difficult to procure credit, as mortgages on the property cannot be given
as security. An attempt has been made to remove the last-named
difficulty by a Resolution of the Riksdag of 1911, which amplifies the leasing
conditions with regard to certain Crown waterfalls as laid down by the
Resolution of the Riksdag of 1910; the added clauses introduce a new legal
right, "waterfall rights’’ (vattenfallsrätten), which is similar to ground
rights and allows of the conveyance being mortgaged. In devising these
forms for the conveyance of the State waterfalls, the chief object kept
in view was to mitigate the effects of the legal actions alluded to above,
and that in such a wise that the proprietor of a waterfall in dispute should
be enabled to conclude a conditional contract for the conveyance of the
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