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MACHINES AND APPARATUS USED IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
379
Machines and Apparatus used in the Textile Industry.
Of the large number of machines used in the textile industry, only a
small number are manufactured in Sweden, although, for instance, the
manufacture of ordinary machine-looms for simple cotton cloths could,
for several reasons, be carried on at a profit here. The Huskvarna factory
makes sewing and knitting machines of acknowledged good quality. P.
Perssons counting apparatus, with the pattern discs belonging to it, has
proved of great importance, in domestic industry especially, as it facilitates
the work in the manufacture of a large number of articles of clothing
by the ordinäry knitting machine. For dyeing, bleaching, and washing
cotton, as well as in the department of calico-printing, G. Jagenburg, of
Rydboholm, has made several important inventions, and there are several
clever Swedish inventions for impregnating cloth for the purpose of
rendering it"’ waterproof or less inflammable. E. Schenson s swingle
apparatus for treating flax, and R. Strehlenert’s arrangement for spinning
artificial silk may also be mentioned. Electricity also has been utilized,
as in G. TFenström’s device in singeing-machines for cotton cloth, and
G. Cassel’s device in cutting-machines. "Weavers’ reeds are made at the
Mora factory.
Kristoffer Polhem (1661—1751) made many important inventions in
textile machinery, especially in the stockinet industry, which sprang into
existence during his time. There still exist, for example, several of Polhem’s
pedal stocking-looms at the Polhem Museum at Falun, manufactured at the
Stjärnsund works established by him in Dalarne at the beginning of the
18th century. He also invented a ribbon-loom for the simultaneous weaving
of several ribbons; a wool-washing machine; a cloth-press, etc.; and he invented
a number of other very ingenious machines, such as mechanical spinning-looms
and carding-looms, which, however, could not be constructed from want of
skilled labour.
The import of machinery in this branch, chiefly from Great Britain and
Germany, amounted in 1912 to about 1’9 million kronor. The value of the
machine-imports for the years 1910 and 1911 is shown in the following table. It must
be noted, however, that the figures here given are not quite comparable with
the total value for 1912 on account of alterations in the official grouping of
wares, distributed as follows:
1910 1911
Kronor Kronor
Looms..........................................581 000 550 000
Spinning machines..............................672 000 658 000
Mangles (Calenders, etc.)........................36 000 31000
Bobbins........................................142 000 146 000
Carders and card-leather........................119 000 116 000
Opening machines, Willows, carding-machines, etc. . 919 000_859 000
2 469 000 2 360 000
For exercising control over the textile industry in Sweden, both for individual
and State needs, the Material-testing Institute of the Technical High School has
a special department furnished with the requisite apparatus for the purpose. In
addition to microscopic examinations of the fibre substances of yarn and cloth,
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