Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 4. Oils, Tar, India-Rubber, and allied Commodities. By Alf. Larson
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CARBOLIC ACID, CREOSOTE, ETC. —
INDIA-RUBBER.
387
Kg
Kronor
Pitch and pitch-oil................219 651 20 875
Tar and tar-oil....................6 041 614 564 254
Wood-oil..........................84 622 8 433
Wood-spirit at 100 %................613 646 358 507
Turpentine and turpentine-oil .... 675 991 201289
Total 7 635 524
1153 358
Carbolic Acid, Creosote, etc,
From the distillation of coal-tar a number of different products are obtained;
among others, all the substances which form the basis for the manufacture of
aniline colours, viz.: benzole and its homologues, aniline, phenol (carbolic acid),
naphthaline, anthracene, chinoline, etc. The preparation of colours, artificial
medicines, etc. from these substances gives rise to an extensive and profitable
industry in several countries. In Sweden, the distillation of coal-tar is carried
on for the preparation of only a few products, such as carbolic acid and oils used
for the preservation of wood (called carbolineum), naphthaline, asphalt-varnish,
and asphalt-tar. That this industry has not made more progress in Sweden than
is the case at present may perhaps be due to the preponderating attention
devoted to inorganic chemistry at the expense of organic.
is manufactured chiefly in three different forms: pure india-rubber,
vulcanized india-rubber, and ebonite. Pure india-rubber is soft and elastic, and
is used in the production of sheets, pipes, gloves etc., specially for surgical
purposes. Yulcanized india-rubber is used, partly by itself, partly with an insertion
of a strong woven material, for tubes, tires, straps, etc. Ebonite is a kind of
india-rubber vulcanized by a special process; it is used for many purposes, by
reason of its great power of effecting electrical isolation and its property of
resisting the action of acids. Galoshes consist primarily of a woven material
covered with a thin coating of slightly vulcanized guttapercha or india-rubber.
The use of india-rubber goods increases year by year; india-rubber galoshes have
become a well-nigh indispensable article of wear for a large proportion of the
inhabitants of the country, even for the poorer classes. The popularity of
bicycling and motoring has occasioned a very great consumption of india-rubber tires.
Galoshes and other rubber articles are now manufactured at several factories,
which have been erected since 1890, and these have been able to compete
successfully with those abroad. Of the eight rubber factories in Sweden, employing
1 686 hands and producing goods to a value of 10 998 000 kronor in 1912,
those in Hälsingborg, Malmö, Gislaved, and Trälleborg are the largest. Of the
total output in this industry in 1912, not less than 87 % (by value) came from
these factories. About the year 1870, the total output in the rubber trade in
Sweden amounted to only a few thousand kronor. The import of the raw
material, as well as of manufactures, has also increased considerably, and was
valued at 13’5 million kronor in 1913, 6 982 000 kronor of which were for raw
rubber and guttapercha; 1 496 000 kronor for tubes, pipes, and straps; 553 000
kronor for shoes; 3 494 000 kronor for rubber-tires; and 1 020 000 kronor for
other articles in the rubber-trade. In recent years, there has also arisen a
notable export, which was valued at 3’16 million kronor in 1913, 2 241 000
kronor being for shoes; the greater part goes to Norway and Denmark, Germany,
Belgium. France, Austria, and the East Indies.
India-Rubber
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