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406
vii. manufacturing industries.
The materials used in the manufacture of the better qualities of writing and
printing paper are, apart from rags, bleached sulphite- and sulphate-pulp, small
quantities of imported cellulose, aspen-tree pulp, straw-pulp, and esparto-pulp.
For the manufacture of pasteboard is used white or brown mechanical pulp,
often with a slight addition of cellulose, except for roofing-board, which is made
exclusively from rags. The Swedish wrapping paper — with the exception of
the so-called Havanna paper, made from boiled mechanical pulp — is produced
mainly from sulphite- or sulphate-cellulose.
As the Swedish manufactories generally work with their own
half-manufactured material, cellulose and mechanical pulp, and thus with comparatively
cheap raw material, they might be expected to be in a stronger position in the
world’s markets than they now are. In point of fact, the sudden advance
(indicated above) of the Swedish wood-pulp industry has not proved an unmixed
advantage to the paper industry, since it has enabled the exporters to supply
foreign producers with low-priced half-manufactured materials.
Photo. J. Vestergren, Tumba.
Paper-making Machine, Lessebo.
The development of the Swedish paper industry since the year 1866 is shown
by the following table:
Annually Mills Employees Manufactures value in kronor
Imports quintals Exports quintals
1866-70 .... 63 1 861 4 005 000 1 999 12 881
1871—75. ... 53 2329 6419000 9600 25811
1876—80. ... 50 2 442 7 217 000 13 703 62761
1881—85. ... 41 2917 7899000 15313 78482
1886—90 .... 37 3 078 8 819 000 23155 135 381
1891-95 .... 54 4 579 12 084 000 39 429 244 255
1896—00 .... 59 5 209 18 280 000 54 952 425 907
1901-05 .... 67 6 931 30 318 000 44 450 922 966
1906—10. ... 69 7 829 46 666 000 58 435 1 459614
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