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chemical industries.
431
9. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES.
From a technical point of view, this industry has attained a high degree
of development in Sweden, hut, in spite of an increase in production of
about 182 °/o since 1900, the output is still as a rule comparatively
inconsiderable, since in general little can be manufactured beyond the
requirements of the country, on account of the difficulties of export. The
establishments coming under the heading of chemical industries were
classified in the official statistics for 1912 as in the following table,
which gives the number of factories and of the workmen employed and the
value of the output:
Factories Workmen Value of production
Inorganic acids, bases, and salts............47 375 6 915 000 kronor
Fertilizers................................52 985 12 604 000 »
Explosives................................21 1 148 7 891000 >
Dyes and miscellaneous preparations..........186 1 361 15 765 000 *
Total 306 3 869 43175 000 kronor
Under this heading the match-making industry, which lias been dealt
with above might also have been included. If this branch had been
included, the number of factories would have been raised to 324, the number
of workmen to 10 461, and the value of the production to 59 748 000
kronor.
There seems to be every chance of Sweden making considerable advance
in the future with regard to the chemical industry. In certain branches
development has, indeed, been checked by the circumstance that in Sweden
hitherto the interest in organic chemistry has not been so strong as in the
case of inorganic chemistry, which fact is the result of the country’s rich
supply of minerals, even of those which are comparatively rare. This does
not, however, imply that organic chemistry has been neglected. In this
respect also Sweden is one of the foremost countries with regard to
chemical investigations and experiments. One of the most important branches of
organic chemistry in other countries — aromatic chemistry — has
naturally had no considerable development on account of the shortage of coal
and capital. Defective legislation with regard to the utilization of the
great supply of water power has also had a paralysing effect on
electrochemical and electro-thermic industry.
Sulphuric Acid.
In Sweden sulphuric acid is manufactured for the most part in
conjunction with the production of superphosphate, for which it is directly
required. It is further used on a large scale for the manufacture of hydrochlo-
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