Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - VII. Manufacturing Industries. Introd. by [G. Sundbärg] K. Åmark - 11. Other Industries - Electro-chemical Industry. By V. Palmær
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electro-chejiical industry.
479*
The home production of chlorate of potash is more than is required for the
country’s consumption, and there is a considerable export.
Bicalcic Phosphate. Working on a method invented by V. Palmaer, the first
small factory has been erected by the Aktiebolaget Difosfat, at Trollhättan,
for the manufacture of bicalcic phosphate, for use as a fertilizer, with the help
of acid and alkali, produced by the electrolytic process. The raw material, which
may be very poor, is soaked with acid, where upon the tribasic phosphate of lime
contained in it is extracted; the alkali obtained by electrolysis is added to the
solution, when bicalcic phosphate, with 35 ’/. of citrate-soluble phosphoric acid is
precipitated, and the electrolyte is regenerated in order to be used afresh. The
method is principally intended to render possible the utilization of the poor raw
material to be found in the country.
Hydrogen and Oxygen. The Nordiska Syrgas verken, Aktiebolag, have,
at Örebro, a plant for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen, by
means of Schmidt electrolysers. The power used amounts to 35 h. p. Most
of the oxygen produced by the factory is, however, manufactured by the fractional
distillation of liquid air.
Galvano-technics. The largest galvano-technical plant in the country is
probably the factory for silver-plating, gilding, etc. owned by the
Guldsmedsaktiebolaget. This factory has about 350 male and female employees. For
silver-plating, 650 kg silver was used in 1912, and for gilding, 3’7 kg of gold.
The value of the galvano-technical products of the factory in the same year
amounted to about half a million kronor. In addition to this factory, there are
a number of smaller works for silver-plating, gilding, and nickel-plating, and for
the manufacture of stereotype plates.
Accumulators and Galvanic Cells. The manufacture of accumulators and
galvanic cells should, in reality, come under the heading of electro-chemical industry,
although it is not included in the definiton of this industry, which is
consequently, like most definitions, not quite exact. In this branch of industry may
be mentioned the accumulator invented by the Swede E. llr. Jungner, of which,
when charged, the active parts are, on the one hand, iron sponge and, on the
other hand, nickel oxide, and, as electrolyte, a solution of potash. Edison has
also arrived at the same system, although the two inventors have worked
independently of each other. The great advantages of Jungner’s accumulator are
its insensibility to shaking and the fact that it requires little care in
manipulation; in a word, that it is more durable than the lead accumulator and can
therefore be employed for a large number of so-called traction purposes, for
which the lead accumulator is unsuitable. It is manufactured by the Svenska
Ackumulatoraktiebolaget Jungner in their factories at Fliseryd in Småland.
The main use is for accumulator locomotives, train lighting, submarine batteries,
and other transportable batteries. The value of the output is one million
kronor a year, about a 100 000 cells a year being produced. At present the
capacity of the factories is about 2 million kronor.
Among the manufacturers of galvanic cells (Leclanché cells, dry cells) in
Sweden may be mentioned Rylander & Rudolphs Fabriksaktiebolag,
Hen-riksdal, Stockholm.
Carbon Electrodes. The manufacture of carbon electrodes for electric furnaces
is earned on by the Höganäs-Billesholms Aktiebolag, which in 1913
turned out 1 870 tons of electrodes to the value of 430 000 kronor, and by
the Aktiebolaget Héroults Elektriska Stål of Kortfors, which in 1913
produced 167 tons to the value of 39 800 kronor.
The table given ioelow shows an estimate of the extent to which the
electro-chemical industry in its entirety, i. e., including the electro-metall-
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