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526
viii. commerce.
consumption, 7-97 % by clothing and toilet requisites, and 9-65 % by articles
of household use, etc.
Commercial Exchange with different Countries.
The countries with which Sweden carries on the liveliest trade are the
German Empire, Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and Finland;
then come France, Holland, Belgium, and the United States of America.
A point that demands attention is the important remodelling of the
Swedish foreign trade statistics in 1905. Before that year, they were based
upon the last foreign place of loading or unloading of the goods, as the
case might be; while, from and including the year 1905, they refer to
the country from which, in the case of imports, the goods have been bought
or sent for sale or other purposes, direct or through another country, to
Sweden. In the case of exports, they refer to the country to which the
goods have been sold, or to the final destination to which they are
dispatched, for sale or other purposes. Hence, e. g., the decline in the imports
from Denmark which are given for the year 1905 ought to be attributed
to this cause, rather than to any real changes in the conditions of trade.
A survey of the Swedish trade with different countries since 1871 is given
in Table 109.
Swedish exports to the German Empire comprised unwrought timber
goods, joinery, paper and paper pulp, stone, iron-ore, bar-iron, other
descriptions of iron and steel, herrings, red whortleberries, separators, meat,
milk and cream, hides, etc. The imports comprised coffee, tobacco, wheat,
rye, oats, seed, wool, paints and dyes, cotton, woollen goods, silk goods,
articles of dress, hides, fertilizers, iron and steel, machinery, copper, etc.
Germany, with which country commercial intercourse has been very
brisk ever since the days of the Hansa League —■ a commercial
intercourse that has been regulated by detailed commercial treaties and
agreements — has its chief importance for Sweden in the considerable
import from there, partly of articles of food and consumption (the greater
part of the import of wheat, a considerable part of the import of rye,1
and the greater part of the import of coffee and tobacco), partly of raw
materials for the textile industries, and, finally, partly of a multitude of
industrial products, first and foremost clothes, but, besides, numerous
products of Germany’s metal and chemical industries.
It is at once apparent that, during the whole time, Great
Britain and Ireland have played the most important role as regards
Swedish exports, although during most recent years the total commercial
exchange with Germany shows somewhat higher figures. At one time, more
than half the total exports went to the first-mentioned countries; the fact
that the proportion has been lower during recent years depends partly on
the correction of Swedish trade statistics, which specially affected some
1 Grain, however, is largely transit-merchandise from Russia.
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