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548
ix. shipping and navigation.
the issue of the above-mentioned "Proclamation" of 1724, however, it made
such rapid progress that towards 1730 it already amounted to about five
hundred vessels. Through the East India Company Swedish shipping with
distant countries was also considerably advanced. A splendid period was entered
upon during the American War of Independence (1775—83), in which the
greater maritime powers gradually became involved, owing to which their
shipping declined, to the benefit of the neutral powers. As already indicated above,
the Swedish shipping has probably never been more profitable than during that
time.
The Mercantile Marine.
During the long period of peace which Sweden has enjoyed since 1814,
its shipping has undergone no small development, although its relative
importance is scarcely the same as during preceding periods. Of the
combined mercantile marines of all nations, the Swedish comprised, in 1850,
about 2-66 % — reckoned according to the "reduced" tonnage (see Table
112), and using the epoch-making maritime statistics of A. 1ST. Kiær.
In 1865 this had gone down to 1-92 %. During the next decade, more
especially during the beginning of the decade 1871—80, a tremendous
improvement occurred, which, in 1875, advanced the figures to 3-22 %
of the world’s tonnage, but after that came twenty years that
constituted one af the feeblest chapters in the whole history of Swedish
shipping. Then the mercantile marine was not even 2 % of the world’s
tonnage. Since the end of the decade 1891—1900, however, another period of
improvement has been entered upon, and at present the figures for
Sweden’s mercantile marine can be reckoned to be 2-36 % of those given for
the total of the shipping of all countries. — The progress of the
development since the middle of the nineteenth century appears from Table 112.
Table 112. The Swedish Mercantile Marine.
(Before 1900 all vessels; from 1900 inclusive, vessels of 20 tons and over.)
At the end of Number of vessels Total net tonnage Sailing vessels Steam ships "Reduced" tonnage2 I
Steamships in %>
Tonnage Tonnage Do.
multiplied by 3 [-Horsepower4-] {+Horse- power4+}
1850 . . . 2 744 205 800 201 800 4 000 12 000 ? 213 800 5’6
1860 . . . 3 200 283 600 271 600 12 000 36 000 6 000 307 600 11-7
1870 . . . 3 376 350 200 319 300 30 900 92 700 11601 412000 225
1880 . . . 4 333 552 400 461 600 90 800 272 400 24 601 734000 37-1
1890 . . . 3 874 510 947 369 680 141 267 423 801 37 843 793 481 53-4
19001 . . . 2 987 613 792 288 687 325 105 975 315 67 317 1264002 77-2
19101 . . . 2 849 769 985 176 912 593 073 1779 219 466 410 1956131 91-0
1911’ . . . 2 758 765 068 154 968 610 100 1 830 300 481 805 1985268 92-2
19121 . . 2 793 805 386 153 827 651 559 1 954 677 514 144 2 108 504 92-7
1 See note immediately under heading. With regard to the figures previous to 1900, they
are certainly somewhat too high for the tonnage, and much too high for the number of
vessels. — 2 The tonnage of the sailing vessels + three times that of the steam vessels.
— 3 The steam vessels’ effective tonnage (i. e. tonnage multiplied by three) expressed as a
percentage of the whole of the "reduced" tonnage (previous column). — 1 Before 1910 the
nominal, after 1910 the indicated horse-power.
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