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with a strong admixture of mesocephals, but only a slight addition of brachycephals.
(Crania Suecica antiqua page 162.) During the time of transition from the stone
age to the bronze age and during the first periods of the latter the inhabitants in
regard to anthropology did not either form a pure race, but were still for the
most part dolichocephalic, and showed only a small admixture of meso» and
brachycephals. (Crania Suecica antiqua page 170.) During the iron age also the
inhabitants were not either a pure unmixed race, but formed a mixture of pure
dolichocephals, meso»dolichocephals and brachycephals. The pure dolichocephals
were however the preponderating type. (Crania Suecica antiqua page 172.) Crania
suecica antiqua is therefore in the highest degree, according to Kollmann, a most
important support for the conclusion respecting the constancy of the ancient races,
towards which for the rest all the facts of the craniology point more and more
decidedly.
Anthropologia Suecica has a previous history: On the initiative of Gustaf
Retzius the Anthropological Society was founded in Stockholm, March 15th 1873,
and already in 1875 it began to give out the »Journal of Anthropology and
Culture»history». After the return of A. E. Nordenskiöld from his voyage
in the Vega, the society was expanded to include geography also and was now
named: »The Swedish Anthropological and Geographical Society», and its organ
was now called »Ymer, a journal published by the Swedish Anthropological and
Geographical Society». Within this society the thought was adopted of bringing
about a comprehensive statisticabanthropological investigation regarding the Swedish
people in the same way as had been done in several other countries with lively
interest. Gustaf Retzius had already in 1862 and 1863 planned and even begun
such an investigation, but was obliged to postpone the work.
»In the year 1888 the Archæologist Dr. Hans Hildebrand emphasized strongly
that such an investigation ought to be made in this country. But it was first in
1896 that the thought came to the surface. Dr. Vilh. Hultkrantz then made the
proposal that the statisticabanthropological investigation in question should be
started. Dr. Hultkrantz and Professor Retzius were entrusted with the task of
preparing the question. The Government was petitioned to allow an anthropolog»
ical investigation to be made on the conscripts of Sweden. Arrangements were
made with several younger colleagues, professors, physicians and doctors, who
were initiated ready for the work, and in the years 1897 and 1898 the invest»
igation took place. The whole contingent of the conscripts for both those years,
about 45,000 men altogether of the age of 21 years, were then measured and
examined according to the following plan: place of birth: that of the young man
as well as that of his father and mother, height of the body in standing and sitting
position; breadth of embrace: from finger»tip to finger»tip; skull: greatest length
(Glabella»occ.) and greatest breadth; type of face: oval or round; colour of the
eyes: blue, grey, mixed, or brown; colour of the hair: yellow, cendré, brown,
black or red.» (Anthrop. Suec. page 3—8).
»The arrangement and study of the material which had been collected from all
parts of Sweden was carried out by G. Retzius and Carl M. Furst, G. Retzius
taking upon himself the working up of the measurements, and Carl M. Furst the
task respecting the colour of the eyes and hair, after which in collaboration they
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