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rust from Kottevete (Cone Wheat), a sort which very likely is a product of a
spontaneous Crossing between land wheat and Squarehead wheat, and from Grenå«
dier Wheat high specific yielding power, stiff straw, relatively early maturity and
relatively good kernel quality. In the same way Fylgia Wheat has inherited
high yielding power, relatively good resistance against yellow rust and relatively
early maturity from Smaahvede (Small Wheat), a Danish improved sort, and
from Extra Squarehead II relatively good winterdiardiness and relatively early
maturity. Both are intended for Southern Sweden and Iron Wheat for Skåne
especially. The importance of its high yield can easily be understood when one
hears that about half of the wheat, produced in Sweden, comes from this province.
None of the sorts mentioned in the summary, however, have all qualities to the
highest degree and therefore the workers hope, by continued crosses to be able to
produce still better combinations. Besides with the sorts mentioned at the bottom
of the summary, Dr. Åkerman is now also working with crosses, which he
himself has made.
Systematic Crossing has also been sucessfully used when improving other
selbfertilizing crops and has given rise to several valuable sorts even if it has
not been able, from above mentioned reasons, to show such fine results as with
winter wheat.
I will be brief when speaking about the other plants, rye, field roots and
forage plants etc., mentioned in the beginning. To force typical crossdertilizers to
selfdertilization, year after year, can by degrees result in a weakening of the
progeny. This seems for instance often to be the case with timothy, according
to Witte who has also shown a greatly different power of self*fertilization in
different strains of this grass. They vary from almost selbsterile strains to such
with a very high degree of self*fertilization. Heribert«Nilsson at the plant
breeding institution of Weibullsholm, about which more will be mentioned later
on, has found the same faet to be true with rye.
The pedigree method, however, is also used when improving cross*fertilizers,
but naturally with necessary care and combined with mass selection. When im«
proving these crops systematic Crossing is also used. The methods of the work
must of course vary in each case according to the plant and the chief object of
the breeding. In order to avoid spontaneous undesired cross«fertilization different
isolating methods are used.
The work with the plants in question has also made considerable progress.
Three sorts of rye have hitherto become of practical use, two especially for south*
ern and one for middle Sweden, and all superior to the sorts before cultivated.
Rye is, in view of the extension of the cultivated areal, next to oats the most
important cereal in Sweden and for bread uncomparably more important than
wheat. The former occupies about 3’A times as large an areal as the latter. It
is easy to understand what an inerease of the yield of rye per hektare would mean
for the nourishment of the people.
Even of several of the chief grasses have been produced strains, improved in
different respects, with higher yielding power than those hitherto cultivated and
guaranteeing a more even and a more uniform development of the mixed plants
of the artificial meadows, a necessary condition for a good quality of the hay.
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