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484 SWEDENBORG IN THE HOUSE OF NOBLES. [Doc. 172.
hope they might realize. The leader of that party was Karl
Gyllenborg,87 formerly the friend and colleague of Görtz,78 ( the
favourite minister of Charles,) and now the antagonist of Horn ,
and the next in power was Karl Gustav Tessin,sº whose father,
Nikodemus, had also been a sort of colleague of Görtz, but
who was obliged to resign, when Horn took the reins. One of
the means which that party employed to lower Horn who was
inclined for peace, in the public estimation, was to endeavour
to kindle the popular hatred against Russia, by speaking in
grandiloquent terms about the warlike honour of Sweden, and
her power of regaining all that she had been robbed of by
that nation. War, and war against Russia, was the watchword
at that time, and the mark of an honest Swedish patriot.
Horn and his friends were spoken of as superannuated old fogies,
who sought rest and tranquillity in their “night caps.” They
ought to make room, it was said, for a younger, more active
generation, who had the courage both to conquer honour and
the enemy, who were brave at heart, and who wore on their
heads " hats,” the emblems of freedom . To inflame this dis
position they thought they had no more powerful means than
to exalt the glory of Charles XII. His personal failings,
his detrimental reign, the battles he lost, and the sufferings
he caused, were all forgotten, and his shining victories, his
great virtue, and the courage and hardihood he displayed in
the face of the enemy were extolled ..... The veneration for
the memory of Charles XII. was even heightened when, at the
same time, a powerful party arose whose object it was to
re-instate on the Polish throne Stanislaus Leczinsky,131 the
favourite of Charles."
Stanislaus131 had been elected King of Poland in 1704,
under the influence of Charles XII, after the latter had
conquered Augustus II in 1703 ; but Stanislaus was able to
continue his reign only until 1709, when Charles XII was
defeated at Pultawa. After the death of Charles, by an invita
tion of the French court he went to Weissenburg in Alsace,
where his daughter was married in 1723 to Louis XV, King of
France. In 1733, on the decease of Augustus II, Stanislaus
Leczinsky was again proclaimed King of Poland by a faction
of the Polish nobility, and his claim was very strongly supported
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