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1262 NOTES TO VOLUME II.
most of them have likewise been reprinted in Manget’s Bibliotheca
Anatomica. Several of the best of them were addressed to the
Royal Society of London, of which he was an honorary member.
"Malpighi," says Dr. Wilkinson, "wrote in crabbed and difficult Latin,
so that it is sometimes almost impossible to guess at his meaning.
He was one of the first who made use of the microscope in anatomical
investigations, and who endeavoured to penetrate the intimate structure
of the viscera experimentally ; in this he was very successful, and laid
the foundation of our present knowledge of visceral anatomy. His
works on the viscera are constantly appealed to in the present day,
but have never been translated into English. He was a sagacious
observer, and by no means destitute of method, and philosophical
instinct. In philosophy, Malpighi was a follower of Borelli, who,
according to Haller, was the first that applied mathematics to
physiology."
NOTE 288.
WILLIS.
Excerpts on the anatomy of the brain and the nerves from Willis
occur in Codex 86 of the Swedenborg MSS., (see Document 310,
p. 871) ; other excerpts occur in Codices 65 and 74 (see Document 310,
pp. 866, and 867). Thomas Willis, an English physician and ana
tomist, was born in 1621, and died in London in 1675. His principal
work, Cerebri Anatome cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus,
passed through two editions in England, and through five in Holland;
it was also reprinted in Manget’s Bibliotheca Anatomica. "This work,"
says Dr. Wilkinson, "contained a new method of dissecting the brain,
and a much more accurate account of its anatomy than had been
given previously: it also contained the germs of those modern views
of the physiology of the brain which are adopted by the phrenologists.
The idea of the brain being a congeries of organs is distinctly
recognized. Willis, like Swedenborg, makes the cerebrum the seat
of the voluntary movements and intellectual faculties ; the cerebellum,
of the involuntary movements, like those of the heart. In common
with nearly all the great anatomists former times, Willis held the
doctrine of the circulation of the animal spirits." The Opera Omnia
of Willis appeared in London in 1679 ; they also appeared in Lyons,
Geneva, Amsterdam, and Venice. An English translation appeared
in 1681.
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