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PROFESSOR SEMLER. 1281
appeared in 4 vols. from 1808-1827. His valuable entomological
collection he presented in his life-time to the University of
Upsal.
NOTE 304.
COUNT VON CASTELL.
Count Ludwig Friedrich von Castell, to whom Prelate Etinger
addressed a number of letters contained in Document 314, E
(pp. 1052 et seq.), lived at Rehweiler, Franconia, in the Kingdom
of Bavaria. He was chamberlain of the King of Denmark. His
sister was married to Count Reuss of Ebersdorf, whose sister
was Zinzendorf’s first wife. Etinger therefore made von Castell’s
acquaintance through Zinzendorf, the founder of the Moravian
Church.
The extracts from Etinger’s letter to Count von Castell, were
communicated to Etinger’s biographer by the Rev. J. A. Osiander.
NOTE 305.
PROFESSOR SEMLER.
In respect to Dr. John Salomon Semler, Etinger, in Document 314,
p. 1057, says, "Perhaps I shall yet become Swedenborg’s greatest
adversary; for he is just like Semler, only in a different sense ; he
renders weak and volatile the full sense of the Sacred Scripture."
Semler, who is described by the German Conversationslexicon as one
of the most influential protestant theologians of the eighteenth century
was born in 1725 at Saalfeld, when the influence of the pietists was in
the ascendant. In the University ofHalle he overcame his early religious
sentiment sandjoined the liberal theological party underBaumgarten. In
1751 he received the call to the theological professorship at Halle which
he filled until his death in 1791. In this capacity he published many
exegetical and hermeneutical works, and was a champion of tolerance
and freedom in the church. In 1788, however, he was faithless to
this principle, and supported an edict issued by the minister of state,
Wöllner, according to which any deviation from the doctrines accepted
by the church exposed the subjects of the Prussian monarchy to a
criminal prosecution. About that time he also made an attack on
Swedenborg’s and Lavater’s writings under the following title : Dr.
Joh. Sal. Semler’s Unterhaltungen mit Herrn Lavater, über die freie
81
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