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SOME OTHER PASSIVE MOVEMENTS.
These movements are Eolling (Circumduction), Extension,
Elexion at different joints, etc. They are particularly used to
diminish stiffness and to break down adhesions, etc., in joints ;
but it is likewise clear that they will also act more or less on
the circulation, in accordance with the position the limb or part
of it has while moving, and on the intermittent extension and
relaxation of the veins, lymphatics, and capillary vessels in the
muscles. Take, for instance, rolling of the leg (fig. 52). If we
make this movement slowly, the blood is gradually pumped
towards the heart ; but as the rapidity of the exercise increases,
the stream quickens, the muscles are stimulated, a greater
activity in the tissue interchange is produced, etc., and we have
an action nearly as strong as if an active movement were made.
When pain in the joint is present, or if the patient is affected
with heart disease, quickness is, of course, contra-indicated, but
not otherwise. It is necessary to have the joint at which the
movement takes place well under command. This is done either
by the position the patient assumes, or by the hands of the
manipulator. If not attended to, the movement cannot be well
carried out and regulated ; it becomes uncertain, and injury may
be caused.
As the position of the patient and the application of the
manipulator’s hands are the same, or nearly so, in passive as in
active extensions and flexions under resistance, with the excep-
tion of those for the head, I shall describe them along with these
exercises, and confine myself here to a few rolling and some
general movements for the head.
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