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80 horses, and by the 30th over 150 horses more, and
also 50 oxen.
August 11, Spangberg returned from his voyage to
the Bolshoya River, and on the 19th the whole
command went on board,—some on the Fortuna and
others on the old vessel. Their destination was the
Bolshoya, situated 650 miles from Okhotsk, where they
arrived September 4. Here the cargoes were
transferred to boats and, in the course of the month of
September, brought to the fort, a simple log fortress
with seventeen Russian dwellings and a chapel, twenty
miles from the sea. It took the whole winter to
traverse, first with boats and later with sledges, the 585
miles across Kamchatka, from Bolsheretsk to the lower
Kamchatka fort. Under the greatest difficulties, the
expedition now followed the course of the Kamchatka
River, camping at night in the snow, and enduring
many a fierce struggle with the inclement weather.
The natives were summoned from far and near to assist
in transporting their goods, but the undertaking proved
fatal to many of them. Finally on March 11, 1728,
Bering reached his destination, the lower Kamchatka
Ostrog,[1] where he found forty huts scattered along the
banks of the river, a fort, and a church. A handful
of Cossacks lived here. They occupied huts built above
the surface of the ground. They did not always eat
their fish raw, but in other respects lived like the
natives, and were in no regard much more civilized than
they. The fort was located twenty miles from the sea,
surrounded by forests of larch, which yielded excellent
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