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presents a geological puzzle, inasmuch as its glacial
origin is unquestionably proved by the planing,
grooving, and parallel scratching of the irregular
boulders it contains, while at the same time it
differs in structure from any of the known deposits
or other vestiges of existing Alpine glaciers. It
corresponds neither to the lateral, terminal, nor
medial moraines of ordinary existing glaciers; nor
to the deposits of glacial rivers. It is thus an
ancient glacial deposit, unrepresented by any
modern glacial deposits that have yet been
examined; and yet its importance and magnitude are
immense. It is spread over thousands of square
miles, even in the limited area of the British Isles,
and proportionally over other portions of northern
Europe and North America. The magnitude of
this and the boulder clay, which is of similar
structure, and sometimes described as identical,
vastly exceeds that of the sum of all the other
glacial deposits. I think I may safely estimate its
mass now lying on the land of Europe and on the
sea floors around it as exceeding that which would
be produced by planing down all the existing
mountains of Europe to a smooth level of four or
five hundred feet above the sea, and that a
corresponding amount of ancient mountain matter
has been swept away in producing it.
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