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of twenty years ago, that it was excavated by the
waves when the sea filled the mainland valleys up
to the level of the upper terraces. The
measurements recently made by Norwegian surveyors
confirm this, so far as they go, as the roof of the
tunnel varies from 650 feet high on the west side
to 530 on the east, and the floor from 470 on the
east to 400 on the west side. This corresponds
as nearly as possible with the height of the upper
terraces. The greater height of the roof and lower
level of the floor on the west side, making the
tunnel nearly three times as high on the west as on
the east, is just what should be expected, as the
west side is that exposed to the open sea and
prevalent winds, consequently to the greatest
effective action of the waves.
My expectation that wave marks or the remains
of marine animals might be found up there, has
not, however, been fulfilled, for a sufficient reason,
viz. that considerable disintegration of the rock
has since occurred; fragments from the roof of the
tunnel have fallen to such an extent as to bestrew
its floor. Even from the steamer this friability of
structure is evident, many hollows with
overhanging semi-cavernous roofs or cornices
being visible on Torghatten itself, and on the
escarpments of the neighbouring hills, the granitic rock
of which they are composed having apparently
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