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action of the waves for ages. In the case of our
chalk cliffs, the soft material of the landslips is
soon washed away, leaving only the chalk flints
that form our pebble beaches. Even these, small
as is their bulk in proportion to that of the whole
mass of the chalk, have considerable effect as a
barrier to the further encroachments of the waves.
I availed myself of the opportunities afforded by
our halts at the stations to use the lead at the end
of the fishing lines for the purpose of feeling the
bottom. This I could do by dropping it down
rather heavily without quite slackening the line.
By this means I ascertained that the bottom was
not made up of fragments of hard rock, but of
softer material; and the stains or smearings upon
the bottom of the lead indicated, though not
clearly enough to prove, that the bottom was
composed of till, like the banks at the bottom of the
Tromsösund, on which we caught the small
codfish and haddocks.
It should be noted that the cod fisheries of the
Norwegian coast, and of the coasts of Iceland and
Newfoundland, are upon what the fishermen call
“banks,” such as the “Doggerbank,” the
“Lofoten bank,” the “Storeggen bank,” &c.[1]
Banks of this kind abound hereabouts, and they
appear to be especially prolific just opposite to
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