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so few and far between, it becomes a matter of
mere accident whether favourable or
unfavourable conditions are encountered. In the last and
most elaborate yet organized, the conditions were
singularly unfortunate. The polar pack had closed
abnormally at the head of Smith’s Sound, where
our explorers went, and was abnormally open on
the east of Spitzbergen, where they did not go,
and had our “Tourists’ Arctic Expedition” been
then organized it might have beaten Nares and
Markham in the matter of mere latitude.
Frequent excursions of this kind, aiming simply
at getting as far north as possible, would afford
very important contributions to geographical
science. The course and limits of the northern
extremity of the Gulf Stream might be
determined thereby with a high degree of accuracy.
A regular and continuous series of observations
on the northern limits of frozen sea water in one
particular region, and that one the most open to
the northward flow of the Atlantic, would supply
most interesting and much needed information
concerning the fluctuations of general terrestrial
climate, and might throw considerable light on some
of the obscure problems of sunspot and other
cosmical influences that are supposed to operate upon
the mean temperature of this world of ours.
A large number of such observations would
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