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refrain from throwing one little tenderly barbed
shaft of criticism against each of their speculations
concerning the cause of the many glacial epochs,
aud intermittent warm climate periods, which
modern geology has revealed. I do think that even
they have been for the most part rather narrow,
in each standing forward as an advocate of one or
one other of the possible causes of these changes.
Thus Lyell contends that they are due to
variations in the distribution of land and water.
Croll and Greikie invoke very great, and rather
questionable, alterations in the ellipticity of the
earth’s orbit; while each refutes the other, by
pointing out the insufficiency of mere variations
of surface, on one side, and the questionable
astronomy of the other. Others again demand
disturbances of the earth’s axis, and even more
violent changes than this.
It appears to me, that if we simply add the
changes of climate which, as Lyell has shown,
must of necessity result from variations in the
distribution of land and water, to the similar
changes which must follow as necessary results
of the known and demonstrable secular variations
of the earth’s orbit, we shall have in this
combination an agency of sufficient energy to explain
all the known phenomena.
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