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below. The corn was pounded into meal on a hollow
wooden block with a club or a pestle. The large
immigrant trunks were used for tables and wooden
blocks for chairs. The bedstead was made of poles
bored into the wall on one side while on the other
it rested on supports from the floor. This frame
work was then covered with clapboards on which a
husk or straw mattress was laid and the bed was
complete. The people were now fairly settled in
their log cabins for the winter, in the timber was
an abundance of wild game. Droves of deer could
be seen trooping over the prairies. Elks were found.
Prairie chickens and wild turkeys were plentiful.
During the winter the Indians often visited these
log cabins and warmed themselves at the fireplace,
i’hey were very peaceful and made no disturbance
among the settlers.
In the spring time open patches of ground along
the lowlands were broken with pick and spade.
Corn, potatoes and other vegetables were planted.
The first plow used was bought in Oskaloosa. It was
the old style bull plow with a wooden mouldboard.
These plows did good work and they had the honor
of breaking the first sods in Iowa. The nearest
points where any provisions could be had were
Oskaloosa, Burlington and Keokuk—a distance from two
to three hundred miles. The first stove that was
brought to the settlement was bought in Keokuk.
Salt was bought at fourteen dollars a barrel. To
make this trip with a yoke of oxen took over three
weeks. Jacob Nelson made a mill (en svensk
skvalt-kvarn) which was turned by hand. He shaped the
burrs from stones. The under burr was stationary
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