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among them, and orators who could discourse acceptably
in both Swedish, German, English and Latin. There
were cultured laymen also, such as Peter Kalm,
scientific investigator, and Gustaf Hesselius, the first
American portrait-painter. Several of these men were broad
enough to be interested in colonial culture and education
in general. Rev. Lars Girelius was one of the first
directors of Wilmington Academy, founded in 1765,
and Dr. Nicholas Collin was an inventor, an important
member of the American Philosophical Society and
one of the directors of the University of Pennsylvania.
One of the weaknesses of the colony consisted in its
dependence upon Sweden for all literature. At least
one Swedish book was printed in colonial America, a
translation into Swedish of a Moravian catechism. [1]
The translator was a former Swedish Lutheran school
teacher; and the work was printed in Benjamin
Franklin’s shop in Philadelphia. The incident reminds us of
the fact that not all American Swedes remained
Lutherans. There were Moravians, Baptists and Methodists,
Sabbatarians and freethinkers among them; and the
great majority were finally absorbed into the Episcopal
church.
Teaching the Indians
The relations between the Swedish settlers and the
Indians were generally very friendly. One of the first
pastors, Rev. Campanius, a man of wide scientific
interests, became a zealous explorer and student of the
life and language of the Delawares. He gave them some
instruction in the tenets of Christianity, and succeeded
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