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twenty-five dollars a year towards the salary of the
Scandinavian professor. On the strength of this
prospect Esbjörn was elected to the professorship in 1857.
He was to spend three-fourths of the year in teaching
and one-fourth in gathering funds. He began teaching
in the fall of 1858. Some Scandinavian students were
at Springfield before, others now followed, so that there
was an attendance of fifteen to twenty Scandinavian
students. The majority were doubtless from Sweden.
Differences soon arise, A fight is going on in the
Synod between the Scandinavians who take a strong
stand on the unaltered Augsburg Confession, an attitude
soon to be expressed in the very name of the Augustana
Synod, and the Americans who insist just as vehemently
on a more liberal doctrinal attitude. There is a
misunderstanding in regard to the position of the new
Scandinavian professor. His friends want him to
instruct the Scandinavian students in theology as well as
in language. But there is an able theological professor
already, and the authorities set Esbjörn to teach
Chemistry and Astronomy instead. To this the Scandinavians
do not object, provided that he has any time left after
attending to the proper Scandinavian and theological
instruction. Personal differences develop between
Reynolds and Esbjörn. The former forbids the latter
to hold separate communion services with his
Scandinavian students. The “new measure men,” the American
liberals, wish to separate from the Synod in 1859 but
are restrained. Esbjörn begins to harbor the idea of
separation also and wants to found a separate school in
Chicago, but he does not intend to ask the leave of the
Synod. Reynolds threatens to “show him up.” In the
spring of 1860 Esbjörn suddenly takes things into his
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