Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Some remarks upon the geographical distribution of vegetation in the colder Southern Hemisphere. By Carl Skottsberg. Botanist of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901—1903. With 2 maps, tabl. 8 and 9. - General survey of the austral of or palæooceanic (Engler) realm. - I. The antarctic dominion. - II. The subantarctic dominion. - 1. District of subantarctic South America.
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at 74° 25. The lichens are found in Graham’s Land and also in
arctic and alpine regions.
At 59° 20’ S. Lat. and 119° 44’ W. Long. is.situated the small
Dougherty Island, within the limits of the pack-ice, but far away from
all other antarctic lands. The discovery of plantlife in it would
certainly be of interest.
Lastly a few words might be said about the flora of the
Antarctic sea (22, 23, 27, 28, 36). Characteristic is the want of
Macrocystis and Durvilloa^ but it is going too far to say with
Van-hö ffen: »im antarktischen Meere......fehlen sämmtliche Tange»
(42, p. 363). On the contrary, giant Phæophyce play an
important part on the shores of Graham’s Land and its islands; I will
only mention Desmarestia spp., endemic and subantarctic, a probably
endemic Laminaria (found abundantly by me in many places), the
Lessonia grandifolia Gepp, collected by Brown at the South Orkneys
and by myself at Graham’s Land, the endemic Scythothalia, well
known since the times of Dumont D’Urville, and found also by
Hooker and by myself. And among the great mass of smaller
algæ, both brown, red and green, some have already been found
and, no doubt, more will be fourjd peculiar to the antarctic, while
other species are subantarctic or even boreal or cosmopolitan.
II. The subantarctic dominion.
The climate of the subantarctic dominion differs from the
antarctic in being insular (see 36, where other literature is referred to,
and 11). An invariably low temperature, only slightly lower in
winter, much rain, exceedingly strong winds and an often cloudy
and misty sky are the characteristics. The climatological conditions
have favoured either forest or grassland, the latter often boggy;
forests occur in South America, on New Zealand and on the
Auck-lands, shrubs on the Falklands (especially West Island) and on
Campbell’s Island.
The dominating floristic element is the palæooceanic (Engler).
I. District of subantarctic South America.
It seems to me very difficult to get a suitable north limit for
subantarctic vegetation in South America. Hooker (30) proposes
the Cape Tres Montes, but this perhaps brings the limit a little
too far north. At 48° (?) Nothofagus betuloides takes the place of
N. Dombeyi, at 40° the latter appears (16, p. 478). Perhaps we may
Ymer fcoj. 29
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