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Of the very numerous works on the marine Ostracods that have appeared since
the beginning of this period only a fevv of the most important can be mentioned here: W. Baird,
1850a. J. 1). Dana, 1852, AV. Liljeborg, 1853, G. O. Sars, 1865 and 1887. G. S. Brady, 1868 b,
1880, F. MÜLLER, 1870, C. Claus, 1873, 1874b, 1876 and 1801a, F. DAHL, 1888, G. S. BRADY
and A. M. Norman. 1880 and 1806, G. W. MÜLLER, 1800, 1894, 1906a and b, 1908, and 1912,
and N. Hirschmann, 1912.
The works from the earlier part of this period are for the most part purely classificatory.
Questions oî oecology and comparative morphology seem as a rule to have been outside the
sphere of interest of the authors of this time, or were at least only cursorily discussed. These
works are certainly not noteworthy for any great acuteness and preciseness in establishing details
of morphology, on the contrary the species described during this time are treated so
super-ficially, the diagnoses often consist merely of generally formulated descriptions of the shell,
that in most cases it is quite impossible to identify them with certainty nowadays. Our
knowledge of the Ostracod system was, however, rather rapidly enlarged, the main features
of the natural classification of this group were already during this period brought within the
limits of our knowledge.
Among the earlier works of this epoch one may without hésitation point out that of
\Y. LILJEBORG, published in 1853: „De Crustaceis ex ordinibus tribus:
Cladocera, Ostracoda e t Copepoda, in Scania occurrentibus“ as the foremost,
both as regards the excellence of the drawings and the number and exactitude of the
morpho-logical details given. On the other hånd this work is not distinguished by any systematic
acuteness; a striking weakness is shown, for instance, in the complete absence of any
classification into families ; the Ostracods are in this work divided directly into
genera ; in the morphological interpretation of some organs of the Cypridinids
this author was also not so fortunate. In these two respects this work is far inferior to
J. 1). Dana’s work 1852. With regard to the forms belonging to the group Cypriformes
W. Liljeborg attained much better results; these may be said to be a very great advance;
unfortunately, however, they could not be used to any great extent because most of the
work was written in Swedish.
G. O. Sars’ two above-mentioned works, F. Müller’s essay on the genus Cypridina,
1870, and C. Claus’ different works ail show a fairly big advance in the départaient of
morphological study. G. W. Müller is, however, beyond ail comparison the most important author
for the development of this study. His monumental monograph ,,D i e 0 s t r a c o d e n
des Golfes von Neape 1“, 1894, dealing with the marine Ostracods in an
exceedingly comprehensive and exhaustive way both from the systematical, phylogenetical,
morphological, and oecological standpoints, immediately made this group one of the best known
among the marine invertebrates.
After this work of G. W. Müller the study of the marine Ostr a c o d s may be said
to bave entered on a barren period. The succeeding works — even those of G. W. MÜLLER
himself are practically all mere descriptions of species. There are, however, a few exceptions,
for instance N. Hirsch.mavn’s mériterions little work in 1012, especially valuable for the
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