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CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF ARMENIA»
Generation on generation,
Like the long dark billows
They roll on and cease to be,
While Time slowly dies.
Ah, why these holocausts of anguish, woe, and pain ?
J. P. Jacobsen.
Archæological and Historical Information Regard-
ING THE EARLIEST InHABITANTS OF ARMENIA.3
The oldest known evidence of human inhabitants of Armenia
is a skeleton which was found, together with a flint implement,
1 Outlines of the history are given in H. F. B. Lynch, Armenia, vols. i and ii,
London, 1901 ; J. de Morgan, Histoire du peuple Arménien, Paris, 1919 ; Åge
Meyer Benedictsen, Arménien, Copenhagen, 1925. See also Haik Johannissian,
Das literarische Vortråt der Leipzig, 1912 ; Joseph Burt,
The People of Ararat, London, 1926; H. F. Helmott, Weltgeschichte, vol. v;
H. Zimmerer, Arménien, 1905, and vol. iii ; H. Winkler, Arménien, 1901.
Information regarding the history of Armenia before the Armenians may be
found in Lynch, Armenia, vol. ii, 1901 ; and especially in C. F. Lehmann-
Haupt, Arménien Einst undjety, vol. i, 1910, vol. ii, part i, 1926, and particularly
vol. ii, part ii, which has not yet been published. See also the same author in
E. G. Klauber and C. F. Lehmann-Haupt, Geschichte des alten Orients, 3 Aufl.,
1925, in L. M. Hartmann, Weltgeschichte, vol. i.
The sources for the early history of Armenia are Agathangelos (chiefly
regarding the introduction of Christianity), possibly written about a.d. 452-456,
though parts of it are earlier ; Faustus of Byzantium, who wrote about a.d. 395
-416 ; Moses of Khorene, who wrote in the fifth or sixth century (according
to some authorities still later) ; Elise, in the latter half of the fifth century ;
Lazar of Pharbi, in 505-510 ; Sebeos, in the seventh century, and others.
For more recent times see especially A. N. Mandelstam, La Société des Nations
et les Puissances devant le Probléme Arménien, Paris, 1925 ; Johannes Lepsius,
Deutschland und Arménien, 19 14-19 18, Samlungdiplomatischer Aktenstiicke, Potsdam,
1919.
On Armenian architecture, see J. Strzygowski, Die Baukunst der Armenier und
Europa, vols. i and ii, Vienna, 1918.
* For the information given below regarding the latest archæological
researches, including important discoveries about the Armenian Stone and
Bronze Ages, I am indebted largely to the information which my friend Dr. J.
Bedelian, professor at the University of Erivan, collected and sent me from
his colleagues, Dr. S. Ter-Hakobian, librarian of the Scientific Institute at
Echmiadzin ; E. Lalajan, director of the Armenian State Museum at Erivan ;
and A. Kalantar, professor of archæology at Erivan University. I avail myself
of this opportunity to express my gratitude to these gentlemen for thcir
valuable assistance.
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