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35 %, which indicates a considerable increase in the national
wealth. Nearly half the value of the articles of food and drink
imported is represented by cereals, which, in 1898, we imported
to the value of kr. 45,500,000. The importation of grain is at
present much more extensive than in previous times, not only
absolutely, but also relatively to the size of population, having
increased from 2,400,000 bushels (3 bushels per inhabitant) about
the year 1780, and an average of 4,800,000 bushels (3.3 bushel
per inhabitant) during the years 1851—1860, to 15,500,000 bushels
(7.15 bushel per inhabitant) in 1898. Of the grain imported about
the year 1780, 33 % consisted of barley, 25 % of malt, and
29 % of rye; and in the fifties, 44 % of rye, 40 % of barley,
5.2 % of rye flour, and 3.8 % of wheat or wheat flour. In 1898,
49 % was rye, 23 % barley, 8.5 % wheat flour, 6.9 % rye flour
and 2.4 % wheat.
Next in importance are groceries of which, in 1898, we
imported for an amount of kr. 24,500,000, three fourths of which
are represented by coffee and sugar. The consumption of these
articles, and especially of sugar, lias greatly increased in the course
of the last two generations. The import of sugar per inhabitant
in 1835 was only 2.3 lbs., in 1850, 5.5 lbs., in the seventies and
eighties, about 10 to 12 lbs., in 1893, 20 lbs. and in 1898, as much
as 30 lbs. The price of sugar has gone down considerably, a
circumstance which is largely due to great reductions in the duty at
the beginning of the nineties. The consumption of coffee per
inhabitant in 1835 was only 2 lbs., in 1850, 5 lbs. and in 1898,
11 lbs. The consumption of tobacco per inhabitant has gone down
from 2.6 lbs. in the seventies to 1.8 lb. during recent years.
Of articles of food and drink other than cereals and groceries,
Norway, in 1898, imported for kr. 27,500,000, whereof kr. 12,600,000
are represented by animal produce, and 7.8 million kr. by wines
and spirits. The annual import of meat and bacon has risen
between 1881 and 1885, from 6,400 to 15,000 tons’ weight, or
from 4.3 to 7.5 million kroner.
Of articles of clothing and other similar goods the importation
in the years 1866—1870 averaged kr. 14,000,000, and in 1898,
kr 37,000,000, chiefly textile goods. Compared to the total
import, this group of articles has remained almost unchanged,
generally between 13 % and 17 %. The chief textile articles
imported were woollen and cotton goods, and yarn.
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