- Project Runeberg -  Pax mundi : a concise account of the progress of the movement for peace by means of arbitration, neutralization, international law and disarmament /
167

(1892) Author: Klas Pontus Arnoldson With: Brooke Foss Westcott
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Article V.—All controversies or differences, with the exception
stated in Article IV., whether pending or hereafter arising, shall be
submitted to arbitration, even though they may have originated in
occurrences ante-dating the present treaty.

Article VI.—No question shall be revived by virtue of this treaty
concerning which a definite agreement shall already have been reached.
In such cases arbitration shall be resorted to only for the settlement of
questions concerning the validity, interpretation, or enforcement of
such agreements.

Article VII.—Any Government may serve in the capacity of
arbitrator which maintains friendly relations with the nation opposed to
the one selecting it. The office of arbitrator may also be entrusted to
tribunals of justice, to scientific bodies, to public officials, or to private
individuals, whether citizens or not of the States selecting them.

Article VIII.—The court of arbitration may consist of one or more
persons. If of one person, he shall be selected jointly by the nations
concerned. If of several persons, their selection may be jointly made
by the nations concerned. Should no choice be made, each nation
claiming a distinct interest in the question at issue shall have the right
to appoint one arbitrator on its own behalf.

Article IX.—When the court shall consist of an even number of
arbitrators, the nations concerned shall appoint an umpire, who shall
decide all questions upon which the arbitrators may disagree. If the
nations interested fail to agree in the selection of an umpire, such
umpire shall be selected by the arbitrators already appointed.

Article X.—The appointment of an umpire, and his acceptance,
shall take place before the arbitrators enter upon the hearing of the
question in dispute.

Article XI.—The umpire shall not act as a member of the court, but
his duties and powers shall be limited to the decision of questions upon
which the arbitrators shall be unable to agree.

Article XII.—Should any arbitrator, or an umpire, be prevented
from serving by reason of death, resignation, or other cause, such
arbitrator or umpire shall be replaced by a substitute to be selected in
the same manner in which the original arbitrator or umpire shall have
been chosen.

Article XIII.—The court shall hold its sessions at such place as the
parties in interest may agree upon, and in case of disagreement or
failure to name a place the court itself may determine the location.

Article XIV.—When the court shall consist of several arbitrators, a
majority of the whole number may act notwithstanding the absence or
withdrawal of the minority. In such case the majority shall continue

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