Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 1. The Iron Mines (together with information regarding other mines). By the late Prof. O. G. Nordenström - Technics of mining - Mine legislation - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh
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706- ix. mining industry and metal production op sweden.
For the coa]-mlnes the same surveying-methods are generally used as in
other coal-producing countries. Maps of coal-mines Bhall be made on a scale of
1 : 1,500, and, furthermore, the same provisions and regulations apply to these as
to the ore-mines, as specified above.
Mine legislation.
Ore mines. According to the Mining Act of May 16, 1884, every Swedish
subject has the right to take out a concession of mineral deposits which contain:
a) the ores of the following metals, viz. gold, silver, platinum, quicksilver, lead,
copper, iron with the exception of lake and bog ores, manganese, chromium,
cobalt, nickel, zinc, tin, titanium, molybdenum, wolfram, bismuth, arsenic, and
antimony; b) sulphur pyrites, magnetic pyrites, and graphite; — providing that
these mineral deposits are situated at a distance of less than 200 meters from
dwelling-house, building-lot, or garden
The claim-holder has a right to do prospecting within the bounds of the
claim, which embraces a circle with a radius of 100 meters. The owner of the
ground is entitled to a half-share with the owner of the mine, in the work and
the profits arising therefrom. When the deposit is laid open, a certain area 200
meters square is assigned within which the owner of the mine has exclusive right
to work. The boundaries of this area extend downward vertically.
A certain amount of work is to be done yearly on the said area; if,not,
the rights are forfeited, and the deposit then may be subject to a new claim.
Coal-mines. Coal-deposits cannot be acquired as ordinary claims. The right
to explore and work such deposits is granted by the King by special concession.
The boundaries extend downward vertically. Such a concession may not embrace
more than one thousand six hundred hectares (about 4,000 acres). The holder
of the concession is obliged to pay a certain annual royalty to the owner of the
ground, and shall, besides, do a certain amount of work on the concession.
2. the iron and steel industry.
For centuries the iron production has been one of the most important
industries of Sweden, and Swedish iron is renowned for its excellent
quality. The cause of this is the existence of large deposits of pure
ore and that charcoal has been, and is still, the only fuel used in the
process of making pig iron.
As long as charcoal" was exclusively used in all countries in the
process of making pig iron, Sweden held a very prominent position in
the iron production also as regards the quantity produced. About 1730,
coke was beginning to be used for this process in England, but for the
refining, charcoal was used to the close of the 18th century, when a
new process of refining (puddling) was invented, in which fossil coal
was used. Possessing very little of fossil fuel, Sweden has not, after
this change of things, been able to take part in the new mass production,
but is now furnishing iron only of the best quality, by reason of its
pure fuel, free from sulphur.
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