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710- ix. mining industry and metal production op sweden.
Charcoal stack tn operation.
The reason why charcoal is generally made in the forests in charring-stacks is
that the charcoal can easily be transported on sledges in winter without its being
necessary to make any expensive roads. In places where a larger quantity of
charcoal-wood can be floated to the iron works, kilns are most suitable for charring the wood.
Burning in stacks is done either in vertical or horizontal stacks. There is
no real difference between them, except that consequently the wood in the former
is piled on end, in the latter laid horizontally.
Burning in a Swedish vertical stack is done as follows: The wood to be
burned, which consists of spruce and pine, is in wintertime cut into lengths of
2-5 meters, partly barked, piled in small open stacks, and left to dry during
the summer, but is not burnt until the next autumn or winter. The place for
the burning-stack is chosen where there is plenty of wood, in order that many
piles may be burnt on the same bottom, since a charring stack on a new bottom
never burns evenly, and therefore produces less charcoal than on an old bottom.
Furthermore, the earth should be dry and well leveled and free from stones and
roots. In the center of this stack-bottom some logs or wood are placed in a
circle, which is piled in such a way that a narrow vertical shaft or drum is
formed, in which the lighting of the stack takes place. The placing of the wood
is then continued in circles around the drum, care being taken to place the smallest
and driest wood near the center and the outside of the stack, the coarser wood
being placed between, and the big ends of the logs resting on the ground. Thus,
the outer wood will lean towards the center of the stack, which has the form of
a truncated cone.
On the top of the stack small wood and twigs are laid in such & way that
the upper part of the wood-pile obtains a convex form. The wood having thus
been piled, the whole stack is covered with spruce twigs, and in order to keep this
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