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1052
XV. SYNOPSIS OF INDUSTRIAL LEGISLATION OF SWEDEN.
The taking of certain measures when establishing a manufactory is also
required in some other cases. For the erection of a herring saltery and train-oil
manufactory permission is required conformably to § 27 in the Fishery ordinance
of June 29, 1852. The Board of Health ordinance of Sept. 25, 1874 has
likewise some claims concerning the erection as well as the arrangement and the
driving of certain manufactories or establishments dangerous to health.
Printing-offices must only be erected in towns or boroughs or else within a certain
distance from them (Press Law).
Some other trades besides, form exceptions from the general trade legislation;
so does, for instance, organ-building, for which an acquired insight and
expert-ness are required, likewise the chimney-sweeps’ trade in town.
A tradesman is bound by certain decrees to protect the workmen
be employs in his business. The legislation on this point, the law
about protection of workmen, is to be found in the ordinance about
liberty of trade; the law concerning protection of crafts-men against
danger, issued May 10, 1889; the decree on precaution against phosphor
necrosis among workers in match-manufactories, of Dec. 9, 1896; the
statute regarding employment of minors in manufactories, trades, or other
occupations, of Oct. 17, 1900; as also in other ordinances. This
legislation will be treated below under the heading Labour Legislation.
Business Associations.
The Swedish association statutes have lately been subject to a
revision. There is a distinction made between different kinds of
associations.
By a commercial company is understood a union of two or more into a
joint firm for the purpose of carrying on commerce or other trade, the driving
of which involves the obligation of keeping business books (Law of June 28, 1895).
That duty is incumbent on everybody who has made it his business to drive
wholesale or retail trade or to manufacture or refine goods for sale, whether this
be a private person, a company, or a union (Royal ordinance of May 4, 1855,
according to Law of June 28, 1895). A commercial company can acquire
judicial rights and take duties on itself, as well as sue, prosecute, and defend before
the court and other authorities. The rights and duties of the associates during
the existence of the company, are settled by compact. Each one of them, as a
rule, has the right to take measures regarding the administration of the
company’s concerns. Profit and loss are divided among the associates per capita.
If a certain principle has been agreed upon for profit or loss alone, this
principle is to be valid at the distribution of both profit and loss. An associate is
not bound, if urged upon by other associates, to contribute anything above the
sum once settled.
Where not otherwise agreed, each one of the associates, as a rule, has a
right to represent the company. For the liabilities of a commercial company
the associates are responsible each for the others jointly and separately, just as
for a debt of their own (Law of June 28, 1895).
Special provisos are in force concerning commercial companies with a
limited responsibility devolving on one or more of the associates, — so-called
commandite companies. What characterizes that kind of company is the re-
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