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SOME ANTHROPOLOGICAL DATA ON THE
INHABITANTS OF SWEDISH AND FINNISH
EXTRACTION IN FINLAND
BY
Doctor KAARLO HILDÉN
HELSINGFORS
IT IS ONLY FIRST DURING THE LATEST DECENNARIES THAT
the anthropology of Finland has been investigated scientifically. Of older
explorers in this department we may specially mention the celebrated Swedish
scientist Anders Retzius, of Stockholm, the Finnish scientist C. v. Haartman of
Helsingfors and the wellknown German anatomist Virchow. The material these
investigators had at their command was in the meantime singularly scanty, and
in consequence gave to a certain extent, a wrong picture of the anthropological
circumstances in Finland. A valuable contribution to our knowledge concerning
Finlands anthropology was afterwards given by the Swedish scientist Gustaf
Retzius, who during his journey in Finland in 1873 measured 91 individuals,
took a large number of anthropological photographs and collected a large number
of skulis. He published the result of these investigations in the year 1878 in
his classical work »Finnish craniums». The anatomist K. Hallsten in Helsingfors
has later, together with his pupils carried on craniological researches, which in
the years 1881—1893 were published under the common title of »Materiaux pour
servir a la connaissance des crånes des peuples Finnois». (Materials of service
in giving a knowledge of the craniums of the Finnish people.) In the meantime
we have the lately deceased medical doctor F. W. Westerlund of Helsingfors,
to thank for his investigations respecting the anthropology of Finland, he insti«
tuted careful measurements and observations when the conscripts were called up
in 1885—92. These researches cover in respect to the height, 131,697 men about
21 years of age from all parts of the land, excepting the Lappmark; in respect
to the shape of the head and the colour characteristics Westerlund has had at
his disposition a material consisting of about 6,000. Westerlund has published
the result of these researches collocated in 6 volumes under the title of »Studies
in Finland’s anthropology», and they contain the most complete description of
the anthropological circumstances in Finland which we possess up till the pre«
sent. The following information therefore is derived principally from Wester«
lunds investigations.
Finland, as is well known, is inhabited by two different races of people in
regard to their language and origin, Finns (about 88 %’) and Swedes (about 12 %)
of whom the latter inhabit Åland and the larger part of the south«west archipe*
lago, as well as parts of coasts of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia,
in the provinces of Nyland and Österbotton, (East Bothnia). In the course of
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