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ice is strikingly shown when the containing valley,
after narrowing downwards to its mouth,
suddenly terminates or opens out upon a plain or
wide extended slope. The glacier that was at first
confined between the walls of the narrow valley
now spreads out fan-shaped over the plain, or slope,
exactly as a stream of volcanic lava, or a torrent
of mud, spreads out under similar conditions.
Glaciers, like rivers, have their main streams and
their tributaries. It is quite common for several
narrow upper valleys to pour their ice streams into
a lower and larger valley, and thus combine to
form a great glacier.
The analogy between the glacier and the river
does not end here. Rivers wear out channels for
themselves, partly by their own very gentle friction,
but mainly by that of the pebbles they carry down
with their stream. The material they thus grind
away from their upper courses is deposited lower
down, where the rivers spread out into deep open
valleys and form lakes, or where they die out in
the sea. The glacier does the same, but with
greater power and effect. It bears the whole of
its great weight upon its rocky bed, and grinds
and gnaws it as it creeps along.
Its own bite is but mild, on account of its
natural slipperiness, but as it proceeds it catches all
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