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by me and included in this work. In exceptional cases the same characters as were included
in the genus diagnosis are also repeated in the diagnoses of the species. This was done when
it seemed desirable to draw attention to these qualities because, to judge from the preceding
literature, they were perhaps not common to all the species belonging to the genus in question.
No short, concentrated family and genus diagnoses, for the purpose of rapid orientation,
have been given in the present work. For them the reader is referred to G. W. MÜLLER, 1912.
m>j descriptions o/ In order to obtain the greatest possible perspicuity all the diagnoses in this work have
been carried out in as stereotyped a manner as possible. Each character has the same place
in each diagnosis.
On account of the incompleteness of the preceding descriptions of species I have been
unable to give, by the side of the comprehensive and comparatively unwieldy descriptions
of species, short, summary and less unwieldy diagnoses of species. In those cases where a
rather large number of species of the same genus have been dealt with, a key has been drawn
up in order to compensate for this deficiency.
If a species that has already been described in the literature is included in the present
work a complete re-description of this is given when the original description is very incomplete
or obviously incorrect; otherwise only a suplementary description is given.
In some descriptions the male is given first, in others the female. The cause of this
inconsistency is either to be fourni in the nature of the material at my disposai or in the faet
that in some genera one sex — either the male or female — is easier to characterize with certainty
than the other.
The absence of any information about a character in a species must not be taken as
indicating that in this character the species in question agrees with the most closely related
form. It only means that there is no information about it ! ! Statements as to pilosity are
exceptions to this rule. The absence of information as to this means that I found the organ
in question quite smooth.
In the cases where no special remark is made about the constancy of a character in a
species this means that the character was practically constant in all the specimens examined
by me. It is of course left to subséquent investigators to discover how far this constancy
extends. It is to be noted that I often had a rather small amount of material of each separate
species at my disposai. In those cases where there was more abundant material of a species a number
of specimens have always been carefully investigated with regard to all the characters included
in the descriptions. It might quite justifiably be remarked that I ought to have stated how
many specimens of each species were carefully examined. By means of this a more certain
idea of the constancy of the separate species would, of course, have been obtained. The reason
why this information is not given is that it was unfortunately not included in the original
records of my investigations.
It may perhaps seem superfluous to have given both exhaustive descriptions of species
and detailed figures. The reasons for this are as follows: 1) in studying the figures given by
preceding authors I often felt uncertain as to the interpretation of details, 2) in many cases
it was impossible to show all the details and to modulate them on account of practical reasons
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