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situated distally. Ex o pod i t e: Very movably joined to the protopodite, with which, in
a position of rest, it forms a decided, ventrally open knee; developed into a powerful, long,
cylindrical, (always?) 9-jointed locomotive organ (in all the species of this group investigated
by me for this treatise I constantlv found nine joints); almost always used for swimming. Its
first joint always extended, forming distally-laterally a powerful, almost rectangular process
which extends over the base of the second joint (functions as a ratchet), is either entirely without
bristles or lias distally-ventrally an extremely short and weak one. The succeeding joints grow
narrower the more distally they are situated; the distal one is very small; at least the six distal
ones of them are short; the second to the eighth joints each have a bristle distally-ventrally
and somewhat medially; on the third to eighth joints these bristles are long and powerful,
annula ted along the gréa ter part of their length; most of them most frequently provided with
natatory hairs arranged in feather shape; the bristle of the second joint generally rather long,
powerful, annulated, in exceptional cases almost completely reduced; the end joint lias distally
more than one bristle, one of which at least is long and powerful. A greater or less number of
the distal joints have a more or less powerful spine situated ventrally-distally and somewhat
laterally. En dopod ite: Always considerably shorter and weaker than the exopodite ;
of a rat lier varying type,, with never more than three joints; sometimes more or less reduced
in one or both sexes. In the male often developed into a clasping organ by which the female
is held fast; never used as a locomotory organ.
M a n d i b 1 e: — This is always very powerful, and elongated, ehiefly used for crawling
and digging. Protopodite: This is always two-jointed. The coxale, which is fixed at the
sides of the body just behind the second antenna, has most often a comparatively weak endite
directed backwards-dorsally (used only for inserting the food into the oesophagus, never as
a mastica tory organ?) ; this endite is sometimes, however, entirely absent. An endite is sometimes
found on the basale in the Asteropids, but there is usually no well-developed’one; traces
of an endite in the form of an accumulation of bristles proximally-ventrally-medially on this joint
can most often, however, be stated to exist. Epipodial appendage always
absent. Exopodite: Is fixed distally-dorsally-laterally on the basale, always more or
less diminutive (reduced?), unjointed, often including the openings of a powerful gland;
sometimes entirely absent. Endop odite: Is always powerful, 2—3-jointed, forming together
with the protopodite a decided knee open downwards.
Maxilla: — Very varying in type; always used in taking up food. With a
well-developed e n d o p o d i t e. Its exopodite always more or less reduced, sometimes even
quite absent. E p i p odite sometimes developed, forming a lamelliform appendage, most
often with fine hairs and quite without bristles.
Fifth limb: — Similarly of very various types, always used in taking up food.
Fixed at the sides of the body, just at the boundary between the head and the body. Always
with a relatively short exopodite. Endopodite often not developed. With a large
and powerful oval epipodial appendage developed as a vibratory plate, attached
vertically to the protopodite along its whole length and furnished with very numerous
marginal bristles, not divided into distinct groups; these bristles are furnished along
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