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at the same time by the author just mentioned; as far as I can see these three are also the only
species of this group that are found in this region (at least regularly and in any great number
(G. O. SARS writes of the occurrence of C. elegans „haud frequens in freto Drøbakiensi . .
copiosissime vero ad insulas Lofotenses“). These three species are of such well difïerentiated
types that the descriptions worked out by the author mentioned are quite sufficient to distinguish
them. It is also to be noted that the description and figures given above are based partly
on material from one of the original localities — Lofoten — which was determined by G. 0. Sars
himself for C. elegans, and partly on material from Koster, a locality situated rather near Drøbak,
one of the two other original localities.
It is true that another species of the genus Conchoecia has been described from about
the same region, namely C. quadrangularis C. W. S. AURIVILLIUS (from the west coast of
Sweden), but this species is, as G. W. MÜLLER has already pointed out, 1901, p. 3, certainly
a synonym of C. elegans. It is true that I have not been able to verify the correctness of this
identification by a re-examination of the original material, as this, as far as I could discover,
has been lost, but owing to the poverty of this region in Halocyprid species, a faet that has
already been pointed out above, it is nevertheless very easy to decide this problem with füll
certainty. An investigation of samples of plankton from the same localities and taken at the
same time of the year as AURlVILLIUS’s original material was captured showed that C.
quadrangularis certainly corresponds to larvae of C. elegans. It seems difficult to decide which
larval stage or stages the author in question was dealing with; presumably it was Stages I and II,
but this question is, of course, of minor importance. A detailed discussion as to which characters
in C. quadrangularis show the larval type and which characters decidedly indicate identity
with C. elegans would be super fluous.
The identification of Paraconchoecia gracilis, C. Cl AUS, 1890 and 1891 a with C. elegans
also seems to be quite certain. This identification was first made by G. S. BRADY and A. M.
NORMAN, 1896. Curiously enough, in spite of this, G. S. BRADY adopts the name Paraconchoecia
gracilis in his later works, 1902 a and 1907.
Most of the names taken up in the list of synonyms given above have no verifying
Statements and drawings; these names are: Conchoecia elegans, G. O. Sars, 1869; E. VANHOFFEN
1897; O. Nordgaard, 1898, 1899 and 1905; C. W. S. AURIVILLIUS, 1898 and 1899; P. T. CLEVE,
1900 and 1903; H. H. GRAN, 1902; Til. Scott, 1902 b, 1905 and 1912 a; P. T. CLEVE and
O Pettersson, 1903; C. H. Ostenfeld, 1906; G. W. Müller, 1906 b and 1908; A. K. Linko,
1907; E. KOEFOEL), 1907; C. H. OSTENFELD and C. WESENBERG-LUND, 1909; C. ApSTEIN, 1911;
E. JÖRGENSEN, 1912; K. Stephensen, 1913 and Paraconchoecia gracilis, G. S. Brady, 1902 a
and 1907.
All these statements, except those of G. W. Müller, G. S. Brady, 1907 and Til. SCOTT,
1912 a refer to linds from our Scandinavian and Arctic waters. Their inclusion in the list of
synonyms is due to the faet that in these regions — at least as far as we know — there is
no species found with which confusion seems probable. I have been able myself to verify a
couple of these statements by’ a re-examination of the original material; these were:
C. W. S. AURIVILLIUS, 1899 ( P. T. CLEVE, 1900; cf. p. 635 below) and P. T. CLEVE, 1903
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