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262 TRAVELS»
Places lying under the fame latitudes, or where the days and
nights at the folftices are of the fame length, are faid in general
to have the fame climates. With regard to the geographical cli-
mate of Uleaborg, it correfponds with that of Kemi in Ruffia,
of Gorodock and Kuoovatikai in Siberia, of Cape Tfchukotfkoi
Nos, towards the Frozen Sea, of St. James’s in North America, of
the fouthern cape of Greenland, of Skalholt in Iceland, and Dron-
theim in Norway.
By the phyfical climate is meant the difference of cold and
heat, and the condition of the weather in different places at the
fame feafons. The principal and moft general caufes of the di-
verfity of phyfical climate, are the longer or fhorter continuance
of the fun above the horizon, and the perpendicularity or obli-
quity of his rays; befides this, the ftate of the atmofphere, which
furrounds the earth to the height of ten Swedifh (or nearly feventy
Englith) miles, and which accordingly, as it is more or lefs charged
with vapours, intercepts and difperfes more or lefs of the fun-
beams in their defcent to the earth. The climate is alfo modified
by the fituation of places on hills or plains, near the fea or on con-
tinents. The mild winters in England are owing to the warm-
nefs of the furrounding ocean, while Switzerland, lying fix degrees
farther to the fouth, experiences a much greater degree of cold, on:
account of its topographical fituation.
The fouth and fouth fouth-wef winds blowing towards Ulea-
borg, along the gulf of Bothnia, are for the moft part warm after
midfummer till autumn; but before midfummer, as long as the
gulf:
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