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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - III. Population and Migration - 8. Migration - 3. The Great Migration to the Urban North
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192 An American Dilemma
and did not expect much in wages. A second important demand factor
came from the big industries when white workers went out on strike. A
third element in the migration before the First World War was the escape
Figure 4. The Northward Migration
Thouaandg PjUgfial
Source: United States Census.
Notes: In each diagram, the calculation for 1870 is based on the assumption that the
figures are mid-way between those of i860 and 1880. Missouri is considered as part of
the South.
The six selected Northern cities are: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleve-
land and Pittsburgh. These cities are those Northern ones, outside of cities in Missouri,
which contained the largest Negro populations in 1930. Brooklyn is included in New York
City even before the date on which it was legally incorporated with it.
of upper class Negroes who desired to improve themselves. These were
few in number, and many managed to get placed in commerce and industry
on an almost equal basis with the whites.^^
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