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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - IV. Economics - 14. The Negro in Business, the Professions, Public Service and Other White Collar Occupations - 1. Overview
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3o6 An American Dilemma
TABLE I
Negro Workers in Business, Professional, and White Collar
Occupations, by Sex: 1910, 1920, and 1930
Negroes as a per-
centage of all
Sex and Occupation Number of Negro Workers Workers
1910 1920 1930 1910 1920 1930
Both Sexes
Professional persons 64,648 77,118 115,765 4.0 3.8 3.9
Wholesale and retail dealers 40,894 ^3*593 48,343 1.7 1.7 1.6
Other proprietors, managers,
and officials 19,104 17,610 47,648 1.6 1.3 1.5
Clerks and kindred workers 38,698 63,095 82,669 I.O i.i 1.0
Males
Professional persons 35,815 39,434 55,610 3.9 3.7 3.7
Wholesale and retail dealers 17,888 20,455 44,493 1.5 1.5 1.5
Other proprietors, managers,
and officials 15,487 13,309 21,196 J.4 1.0 1.2
Clerks and kindred workers 31,946 48,046 62,138 1.2 1.3
Females
Professional persons 48,833 37,684 60,155 4.0 3.8 4-2
Wholesale and retail dealers 3,006 3,138 3,850 4.4 3.9 3.4
Other proprietors, managers,
and officials 3,615 4,301 6,454 6.6 5.5 4-9
Clerks and kindred workers 6,772 15,048 20,531 0.6 0.7 0.7
Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Alba M. Edwards, Social-Economic Grouping of the Gainful Workers oj
the United States^ 1930 (1938), pp. 7 and Z3«
with its numerous small congregations. Teachers and ministers account for
almost two-thirds of all Negro professional workers. The small number of
Negro clerical workers—only two-thirds of one per cent of all female
clerks and kindred workers were Negro—is the result of the fact that few
white establishments use any Negro workers in such capacities while most
Negro-owned establishments are too small to give employment to others
than the entrepreneur and members of his family. Negro storekeepers,
other business entrepreneurs, and business officials had an intermediate
position between these two groups. They numbered 56,000 and constituted
about 1.5 per cent of all American businessmen.
The North is almost as strict as the South in excluding Negroes from
middle class jobs in the white-dominated economy. The very lack of segre-
gation in most Northern schools makes it more difficult for a Negro to get
a teaching position. Since the educational ladder is made completely avail-
able for ISfegro youths, this subsequent barrier against employment, except
as laborers, is more deeply discouraging.-
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