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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - X. The Negro Community - 43. Institutions - 3. The Negro Church in the Negro Community - 4. The Negro School and Negro Education
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942 An Americxan Dilemma
changing rapidly as the Negro community becomes diversified, as other
professionals are becoming more numerous, as upper and middle classes
develop among Negroes, as the minister does not advance as rapidly in
education and sophistication as do the youth of his community. The Negro
church has declined in relative importance since 1880, and the prospects
are for a continued decline. Nevertheless, the Negro church means more to
the Negro community than the white church means to the white com-
munity—in its function as a giver of hope, as an emotional cathartic, as a
center of community activity, as a source of leadership, and as a provider
of respectability.
4. The Negro School and Negro Education®
As we have pointed out in Chapter 41, there were few educational facil-
ities for Negroes before the Civil War. Since then the proportion of Negro
children attending school has gone up so rapidly that now it is not far
behind the also increasing proportion of white children attending school
TABLE 3
School Attendance in the United States, Ages 5-20, by Race: 1850-1940
NEGROES WHITES
Per cent of Per cent of
Population Population
Year Number aged 5-20 aged 5-20
1850 26,461 1*7 52.9
i860 32,629 1.8 56.0
1870 180,372 9.2 51.2
1880 856,014 32.5 58.2
1890 999,324 32.0 55.4
1900 1,083,516 3i«o 53.6
1910 1,644,759 44-7 61.3
1920 •
2,030,269 53.5 65.7
1930 2,477,311 60.0 71.5
1940 2,698,901 64.4 71.6
Sources: The figures for 1850-1890, inclusive, are from E. George Payne, “Negroes in the Public Ele-
mentary School of the North," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (November*
192^, p. 224.
The figures for 1900 to 1940, we have calculated from the following sources: (i) U. S. Bureau of the Census,
Negroes in the United States, lygo to 1914* p. 377; (2) U. S. Bureau of the Census, Negroes in the United States,
iQ20~-igj2, pp. 209-210: (j) Sixteenth Census of the United States: ig40, Population. Preliminary Release,
Series P-io, No. 17* Table 2. Prom the decennial censuses of population of 1850 to 1890, we have corroborated
Payne’s figures on number of Negroes and whites attending school for every year but 1890 (where we have a
discrepancy of some i,soo in the figure for Negroes), but we have not attempted to get the base figures on the
number aged 5 to 20 for these years. For Negroes alone. Bond corroborates Payne’s percentages within 1.3
per cent. (Horace Mann Bono, The Education of the Negro in the American Social Order [1934, Jp. 178.)
• The most useful general study of Negro education is that of Horace Mann Bond, The
Education of the Negro in the American Social Order (1934). Also useful in more specialize^
problems are; (i) Charles S. Johnson and Associates, “The Negro Public Schools,” Section
8 of the Louisiana Educational Survey (1942) j (2) Buell G. Gallagher, American Caste
and the Negro College (1938)} (3) Doxey A. Wilkerson, Sfecial Problems of Negro
Education (1939); (4) David T. Blose and Ambrose Caliver, Statistics of the Education
of Negroes: s 93 3^193 4 and 1935-1936, U. S. Office of Education Bulletin No. 13 (1938),
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