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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Footnotes - Chapter 7
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An American Dilemma
1224
Shall they bring children into the world to enrich the undertakers, the physicians and
furnish work for social workers and jailers, or shall they produce children who are
going to be an asset to the group and to American society. Most Negroes, especially the
women, would go in for quality production if they only knew how.” (‘^Quantity or
Quality,” Birth Control Review [June, 1932], p. 166.)
Another indication that Negroes favor quality even at the expense of quantity is the
fact that 34 of the most eminent Negro leaders have endorsed the work of the Planned
Parenthood Federation of America and have lent their names to the letterhead of its
Division of Negro Service.
This point has been made in detail by Osborn, of. cit.
Council on Medical Education and Hospitals, “Hospitals and Medical Care in
Mississippi,” Journal of the American Medical Association (June 3, I939)> p. 2319.
The Duke Endowment, Fourteenth Annual Refort of the Hosfital Section (1939),
P- 6.
H. M. Green, “Hospitals and Public Health Facilities for Negroes,” Proceedings
of the National Conference of Social Work (1928), pp. 178-180. In 1942, Edwin R.
Embree reports that, for the United States as a whole, there are now “llO Negro
hospitals in the United States, of which some 25 have been accredited, 13 of them
approved for the full training of internes by the Council on Medical Education and
Hospitals of the American Hospital Association. . . . While there are today 10,000
hospital beds for Negroes in the country, in some areas where the population is heavily
Negro there are as few as 75 beds set aside for over one million of this group.” (Julius
Rosenwald Fund, Review for the Two-Year Period 1^40-1^42 [1942], pp. 13-14).
Dorn, of. cit. (1940), p. 97.
Compared to a proportion of 21.3 per cent of all Negroes, 55.0 per cent of the
Negro dentists, 42.6 per cent of the Negro physicians and surgeons and 36.3 per cent
of the Negro nurses were outside the South in 1930. (U. S. Bureau of the Census,
Negroes in the United States: ig20-ig^2y p. 293.)
For a description of how Negro folk practices are dangerous to health, see Newbell
N. Puckett, Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro (1926).
U. S. Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics—Sfecial Reforts: 1940^ Vol. 14,
No. 2, p. 9. The infant mortality rate was 43.2 for 1,000 live births for whites and
72.9 for Negroes.
Idem. The maternal mortality rate per 1,000 live births was 3.2 for whites and
7.8 for Negroes.
Vance has calculated that for the Southeastern states in 1930, 27 per cent of Negro
women have no births as compared to 19 per cent of white women, while 29 per cent
of Negroes have one birth as compared to lE per cent of white women. (Rupert B.
Vance, “The Regional Approach to the Study of High Fertility,” The Milbank
Memorial Fund Quarterly \Octobery 1941], pp. 356-374.)
In 1930, the following proportions of families had no children under 10 years of age.
Negro Native White
North: Urban 68.1 62.6
South: Urban 67.1 58.1
Rural farm 46.7 44.»
Rural nonfarm 59.0 47.9
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