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14-6 An American Dilemma
fact that Negroes constituted only 4.1 per cent of Chicago’s population in 1920. (Figures
on desertion from Ernest R. Mowrer, Family Disorgamzation [i939]> p. 9$. Population
figures are from the Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1^20, Pofulation, Vol.
Ill, Table 13.)
® Some of the doubling up is due to the presence of collateral relatives in the house-
hold. In a study of 612 rural Negro families in Macon County, Alabama, 30 per cent
of the families were found to contain i to 6 relatives. (Charles S. Johnson, Shadow
of the Plantation [1934], p. 29.)
® Charles S. Johnson, “Negro Personality Changes in a Southern Community,” in
E. B. Reuter (editor). Race and Culture Contacts (1934), p. 216. Most of the facts in
this paragraph are taken from Charles S. Johnson and from E, Franklin Frazier,
^Allison Davis, Burleigh B. Gardner, and Mary R. Gardner, Deef South (1941),
P- 123 -
® As noted in Chapter 40, Section 3, we have calculated this figure simply by taking
the total number of members reported by Negro churches (as reported in the census of
Religious Bodies: iggd) and dividing it by the total Negro population in 1940. The
resulting figure is much too low as a measure of the proportion of Negro church
members because: (i) the Negro population grew between 1936 and 1940; (2) some
of the smaller Negro churches are overlooked in the Census; (3) children are usually
not included in the church figures but are included in the population figures. It is also
to be noted that the figure cited in the text does not include Negroes who were members
of “mixed” churches.
•Richard Wright, 12 Million Black Voices (i94l)>p* 131.
B. E. Mays and J. W. Nicholson, The Negroes Church (1933), p. li.
J. G. St. Clair Drake, “The Negro Church and Associations in Chicago,” unpub-
lished manuscript prepared for this study (1940), pp. 388-395.
For a discussion of the lower class Negro preacher, see Drake, “The Negro Church
and Associations in Chicago,” pp, 366-371.
18
“The Methodists and Baptists look down upon the Sanctified, considering their
noise and dancing somewhat heathenish.” (Powdermaker, op. oi/., p. 234.)
Drake, “The Negro Church and Associations in Chicago,” p. 434.
pp. 102, 139, 253.
Gttion G. Johnson and Guy B. Johnson, “The Church and the Race Problem in
the United States,” unpublished manuscript prepared for this study (1940), Vol. 2,
pp. 217 ff.
Ibid,^ pp. 296-298.
Idem,
^®“. . , Negroes regularly attend church whether Christians or sinners. They have
not yet accumulated wealth adequate to the construction of clubhouses, amusement
parks and theaters, although dance halls have attracted many. Whether they derive any
particular joy therefrom or not, the Negroes must go to church, to see their friends,
as they are barred from social centers open to whites. They must attend church, more-
over, to find out what is going on; for the race has not sufficient interests to maintain
in every locality a newspaper of its own, and the white dailies generally mention
Negroes only when they happen to commit crimes against white persons. The young
Negro must go to church to meet his sweetheart, to impress her with his worth and woo
her in marriage, the Negro farmer to find out the developments in the business world.
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