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use the awkward periphrasis herm er, har, etc., frun er, fröken er,
or better still the person’s title, if known, as vill herr of versten
vara så god (will the colonel be so kind)?
Mig, dig, sig are pronounced mei, dei, sei (almost like the
French pays’). De is often pronounced dee, and det day.
Possessive. Min (my), mitt, pl. mina; din (thy), ditt, pi. dina;
hans (his), hennes (her), dels (its); sin (his, her, its, their; refl.
only), sitt, sina; vår (our), vårt, våra; eder (your), edert, edra (er,
ert, era).
Demonstrative. Denne, denna (this), detta, pi. desse, dessa ;
den, det her (this here), pl. de her; den, det der (that there), pl„
de der; den, det, de samme (the same).
Relative. Som (who, whom, which), nom. and acc. only;
hvilken, hvilket (who, whom, which), pl. hvilka; hvad (what).
Interrogative. Hvem (who), hvems (whose), hvad (what),
hvilk-en, -et, -a (which).
Indefinite. Man (one), sjelf (self) , någon (some, somebody),
något (some, something), några (pl., some); ingen (no, nobody),
intet (no, nothing), inga (pl., no); mången (many a one), många
(many); all, uiit(all); hear, heart (each, every), hear och (pron.
ok) en (one and all); hel, helt (whole), hele (pl., whole).
Verbs. Auxiliary. Att hafva (to have). Pres, indie, jag, du,
han, hon, det, Ni har; vi ha (or havfa)- i han (hafven), delta
(hafva). lmperf. jag, etc., hade; vi hade; i haden; de hade. Fnt.
jag, etc., skall hafva; i skolen hafva; de skola hafva. Condit. jag,
"tc., skulle hafva; vi skulle hafva; i skullen hafva; de skulle hafva,
Imper. haf (ha), pl. hafven. Partic. hafvande, haft.
Att vara (to he). Pres, indie, jag, etc., Hr; vi u’ro, i ären, de
iiro. lmperf. jag, etc., var; vi voro, i voren, de voro. Perf. jag,
etc., har varit. lmperf. jag hade varit. Fut. jag skall vara. Cond.
jag skulle vara. Imper. var, varen. Partic. varande, varit.
Att skola (to he obliged, to be about to); pres, skall, skola;
imperf. skulle; partic. skolande, skullet.
Att vilja (to be willing, to be about to); pres, vill, vilja;
imperf. ville; partic. viljande, velat.
Att kunna (to be able); pres, kann, pl. kunna; imperf. kunde ;
partic. kunnat.
Att må (to be obliged); pres, må; imperf. måste.
Alt torn (may, to be allowed); pres, tör; imperf. torde.
Att höra (to be bound, obliged); pres, bör (ought); imperf.
horde (ought).
The Conjugations are either weak or strong, regular or
irregular. The following three verbs are weak and regular:
Infinitive. Alt iilska (to love), höje (bend), ho (live).
Rres. indie. Jag, du, ban älskar, höjer, hor; vi, de älska, höja,
ho; i älsken, höjen, hon.
lmperf. Jag, du, han, vi, de älskade, höjde, bodde; i älskad en,
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