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STUDIES IN PH LE UM ARENARIUM
369
d. Plileiim graecum Willd., 1840 val. publ.; is a låter synonym of
Phl. echinatum Host.
e. Phleum Boissieri Bornm.. 1912 val. publ.; is a name of that
plant which has been illegitimately named Phleum exaratum Höchst.
We must now reject låter synonyms and låter homonyms (Phl.
exaratum Höchst., Phl. graecum Boiss. et Heldr.). As furthermore Ihe
possibilities of rejecting a name as »nonien ambiguum» have been
discussed and the opinions in this case are verv divergent, it seems vve
had better at present adhere to those two names, the meaning of which
is obvious and the only ones, the validity and legitimate state of which
may not lie cjuestioned. Phl. exaratum Griseb. (syn. Phl. graecum Boiss.
et Heldr.) and Phl. Boissieri Bornm. (syn. Phl. exaratum Höchst.).
However, it is a great pity to have to reject the common name Phl.
graecum, hut we have no other choice for the present, if we wish at
the same time to follow Ihe »Rules» and avoid confusion.
In this connection it should also he emphasized that Phl. Boissieri
and Phl. exaratum Griseb. are verv different plants; the former has a
rather characteristic appearance and shows möre resemblance to Phl.
subulatum (Savi) Asch. et Schweinf. than to the arenarium-exaratum
group (as to the nervation of ghimella see above). Xo European
locali-ties are known, Phl. Boissieri apparently having a rather restricted area
of distribution in the Middle East.
Phl. exaratum Griseb., ön the contrary, has a very wide distribution
over the whole eastern part of the Mediterranean Area. Within this
region it shows great variahility, probably greater than any other
representative of the Sectio Chilochloa. It must be admitted that this species
and Phl. arenarium show close resemblance to each other taxonomically.
However, the placing of Phl. exaratum as a variety under Phl. arenarium
by Fiori and Paoletti (I.e.) can hardly be correct. Intermediate forms
occur very seldom and artificial crossing is unknown. These species
represent moreover phytogeographically two completelv different types.
Phl. exaratum is a strongly marked southern species which has only
incidentally and very scantily been found in Central Europé. The centre
of its distribution is located to the east of the Mediterranean Area. Phl.
arenarium, ön the contrary, has its centre of distribution in the western
part of Central Europé, from where its distribution area reaches
Northern Europé in the North-East and North Africa and the Orient in the
South-East, accompanied by a decrease in frequencv. the möre the
distance from the centre is increased. Seen from an ecological point of
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