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1(54
sven o. björkman
that the conditions favourable to this group of plants are oozv bottom
and sheltered places. Ön the other hand, a börder due to the salinity
cannot be distinguished in bis area of investigation. I cannot state the
salinity of the place of my investigation to the exact figure, hut it would
not be less than that of the surface of the sea of the outer skerries, as
the locality is connected with the sea all the vear round and no affhient
of fresh-water occurs at bis place. Then the salinity would be 4.5—
5.0 °/ü0.
Cli. tomentosa L. is found in brackish as well as in fresh water.
As an inhabitant of brackish water il is only known from the Baltic,
but in fresh water it tias a verv wide distribution. Thanks to the papers
by Hasslow (1931; 1934), Cedercreutz (1932) and Olsen (1944) we
can gel a good survey of the distribution of the Charophyta in
Fenno-scandia and Denmark. With the aid of these works and other available
sources mentioned in the following I have drawn up the map |Fig. 1).
In brackish water, the species (f. marina) is rather commoii up to
the prov. of Hälsingland in Sweden, but seems to be absent from llie
southern part of Småland. The circle at Kalmar ön the map refers to
a statemenl in Westerlund (1852, pp. 101—102): »Among the plants
found in the districl of Kalmar, the following lack in Öland: . . ., Chara
tomentosa ß latifolia . . .», (orig. Swedish). At the coast of Öland the
species is not met with, but il is found in a few places at the coast of
Gotland. In Finland the species occurs from Wasa (north of the 63rd
parallel) along the coast to Fredrikshamn al the Finnish Bay. I have
not been able to verify llie statements in Stroede (1931, p. 42) and
Cedercreutz (1932, p. 244) of ils presence at Jakobstad and Wiborg.
There are no reports available from the coast of the inner part of the
Finnish Bay, but the species is met with along the coasts of Estlionia
and Latvia. According to Lakowitz (1907) il is not found in the Danzig
Bay hut occurs again in the Riigen districl and it is also met with in
a few places in Schleswig-Holstein. In Denmark the species is exclusively
an inhabitant of fresh water (Olsen, pp. 94—95). Olsen mentions an
occurrence at Bornholm wliieh lie cannot verify. and anyhow is not
clear if il refers lo brackish or fresh water.
A limitation of the distribution of Ch. tomentosa caused by high
salinity will be seen in the southern parts of the Baltic. A comparison
between the statements of the localities and the salinity in the Riigen
district (Gessner 19,37. pp. 24, 25) points lo a salinity of about fi.5 °/00
at its highest, a degree that will corresponds to the salinity of the
localities at the Baltic coast of southern Sweden. Stroede (p. 42) states
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