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356
tyge w. bucher
(1). White sea coast dunes. Agropyrum jiinceum - soc. (pH 6.8) or
Am-mophila ar enar ia - soc. with scattered Ilonckenya peploides or Senecio
ver-nalis (pH 6.7).
(2). Second dune row. Closed vegetation. AmmophUa - Festuca rubra
-Carex arenaria - soc. with Hieracium pilosella, II. umbellatum, Jasione, Galium
verum, Corynephorus, Gnaphalium arenarium, Artemisia eampestris,
F.mpe-trum nigrum, Hypnum cupressi[orme, Dicranum scoparium, and Ceratodon
purpureus; pH 5.0, 5.1.
(3). Innermost dune row. Top of the dunes: Close Ammophila - Festuca
-Dicranum scoparium - soc. with the same species as in (2) and furthermore
Campanula rotundifolia, Thymus, Thalietrum minus and Peltigera ermina;
pH 5.1. Slopes with northerly exposure: Calluna- or Polypodium
vulgäre-Dicranum scoparium - soc.; pH 5.0. Slopes with southerly exposure:
Coryne-phorus - Cladonia mit is - soc. with scattered Festuca polesica; pll 5.2.
(4). ’1’hymns serpyllum - Hypnum cupressi[orme - soc. on level sandy
soil behind the dunes, very rich in Festuca polesica: pll 5.3, see Table 1 no. 3.
(5). Festuca polesica - Corynephorus - Cladonia mitis - Cornicularia - soc.
rich in Cetraria nivalis on level rather gravelly soil much exposed to the
wind; pH 5.0, see Table 1 No. 2. This vegetation is invaded by Empetrum
nigrum and Calluna, which locally reach dominance and form small
heath-areas.
In the locality norf h o 1’ N y k o b i n g on Nyköbing bathing
beach Festuca polesica was collected in a community closely allied to
the r/iymws-vegetalion rich in mosses. Again, it was absent from the
outer and younger parts of the dune area.
The more detailed investigation of the habitats of Festuca polesica
in Denmark unveils the following facts. The specics is restricted to
sandy dune soils and shuns the outer younger dunes with less stabilized
vegetations and soils poor in content of organic matter. Ecologically
it reminds of Festuca ovinu, which may be very characteristic on old
dunes (cp. Dichte Festuca ovina - C.ladina - Soziation, BÖCHER 1941,
p. 28), but otherwise occurs in many other kinds of soil. In Denmark
F. polesica is found growing in soils with pll values from 4.6 to 5.3.
Sandy acid soils are very common along the Danish coasts in some
distance from the beach. In Eastern Denmark such soils occur in
particular along the coasts of the Kattegat and the Great Belt. Communities
of the kind described in Table 1 arc furthermore widely distributed
in Denmark. The very restricted area of Festuca polesica can hardly
be a result of edaphic factors, nor may the climate form any insuperable
obstacle for a further advance of the species. Thus, it is rather
unintelligible why F. polcsica is absent from the dry grassland
communities of Korshage, Skamlebæk, Refsnæs, Osen and many other
localities, where soil and climate correspond entirely or almost so to those
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