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marriages as dangerous, per se, for the
posterity; others only as dangerous from the point
of view that the same family trait is often
found in both parents, and so becomes strongly
impressed on the children. For example,
congenital shortsightedness of both parents
develops into blindness of the children, their
stupidity becomes idiocy, their melancholy,
insanity.
The Occident has gradually abolished the
Oriental marriage law to which Moses gave
validity, while other Oriental legislators, for
example, Manes and Mohammed, are still
followed to a great extent. In China, too,
similar prohibitions have a binding power.
Here and there the feeling of the significance
of heredity has vaguely appeared in some
Occidental writers. Sir Thomas More, like
Plato, required a physical examination before
entering into marriage. It was not until the
nineteenth century that the question of the
rights of the child in this respect began to
be noticed. It was Robert Owen who in one
way awakened the general right feeling in
favour of children, by investigations begun in
1815. They showed that children under eight
years old were forced to work by blows from
leather whips, to work from fifteen to sixteen
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