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hours a day, with the result that a fourth or
fifth of them ended as cripples. Another
Englishman, Malthus, published in 1798 an
essay on the Principle of Population, and
directed the attention of society to the
conditions which had caused him to write his
work. He pointed to the deficiency of food
supply produced by over-population and the
obstacles it offered to legitimate marriages.
Again, these conditions, he showed, resulted
partly in great mortality among children,
partly in the murder of children. Malthus
saw the significance of selection and the
danger of degeneration. With perfect calmness
of conscience he met the storm he had evoked.
Personally a blameless and tender hearted
man, Malthus, as all other reformers of moral
ideas, had to allow the shameless accusations of
corruption and immorality to pass over his
head. Harriet Martineau, who advocated Malthus’s
views, had the same experience. When
she wrote her novels on this subject she knew
very well to what she was exposing herself; but
this remarkable woman, who died unmarried
and childless, was at an early period of her
life filled with a feeling for the holiness of
the child. When nineteen years old, at the
time of the birth of a small sister, she fell on
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