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6. INNER RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE CHURCH. 167
butter, in which he hoped to do a large trade. The legate,
however, escaped in person to Rome, where he made his
peace with the pope, though his plan was not confirmed.
In 1525 he became Bishop of Novara, and in 1550 arch
bishop of his own city, Milan, where he died in 1555. Such
were some of the men who disgraced the high places of the
Church in the first half of the sixteenth century.
Christian then prepared a new campaign, using the gold
of Sweden, as Gustaf Vasa afterwards wrote, for its own
conquest.
16
He also got himself made the pope s agent for
the re-instatement of Trolle, and thus, armed at all points,
awaited a favourable moment for revenge.
6. RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE CHURCH. ELEMENTARY
TEACHING. CHARACTER OF THE BISHOPS. THE
CHAPTERS AND THEIR OFFICERS. DlOCESES,
MONASTERIES AND RELIGIOUS ORDERS. WEALTH
OF THE CHURCH.
After this review of the external history we naturally
turn to consider the inner life of the Church. In the
absence of any authoritative description of it in detail, and,
in view of the tumult and confusion of secular life, and,
considering the reformation that followed, it would be per
haps natural to paint a very dark picture, to which the
history of the sixteenth century might stand out as in
bright relief. I doubt, however, whether we have a right
to do so. That learning, as represented by book know
ledge, was at a low ebb is indeed clear. The first book
printed in Sweden is generally considered to be the
Vita sive legenda cum miraculis Katherine, the daughter of
St. Birgitta, in or about 1483. The first book in the
Swedish language was issued in 1495 (Gerson s Aff
dyafwlsens frastilse), and the next in 1514. There were
only ten printed books in the language when Olaus Petri
began his publications about 1526. It may, indeed, be
said of him that he taught the Swedes to read (H. Schiick :
16
See P.R.E.2
, s.v. Arcimboldi, Vol. i, p. 618.
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