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FENNIA 66, N;o 4
15
land in the country open sphagnum swamps by themselves form
almost one-half and in combination with open brown-moss swamps
and spruce and pine swamps that do not grow any wood, i.e. wet land
altogether, approximately three-quarters.
d. Cultivated land, building sites, roads etc.
This class of land use, amounting, as already mentioned, to
4 310 000 ha, is sub-divided as shown in Table 5. The total field area
amounts to 2 988 000 ha. The corresponding figure obtained in the
survey of 1922—23 was 2 580 000 ha, the narrow field borders being
excluded from the field area as in the new survey. The increase is
therefore 408 000 ha.
Table 5. Sub-division of cultivated land, building sites, roads etc.
Sub-class South Finland North Finland Whole country
hectares 0/ /o
Fields..................................................2 829 000 159 000 2 988 000 69.3
Natural meadows ............................551000 183 000 734 000 17.0
Cultivated pasture............................133 000 15 000 148 000 3.5
Building sites, roads, power lines
etc................................394 000 46 000 440 000 10.2
Total 3 907 000 403 000 4 310 000 100
The area of natural meadows has decreased considerably, part of
it having been converted into fields and cultivated pasture and part
having probably been afforested. The total area of building sites,
roads, storage areas, power lines, gravel and mud pits has increased
owing to the construction of new buildings, highroads and railways
and owing to the inclusion of the considerable area of power lines in
this sub-class.
3, The swamp area and its division into swamp types.
a. The swamp are a.
In the division of land into firm (dry) land and swamps (peat land)
spruce swamps and pine swamps with a thin layer of peat are also
included in the latter category in accordance with the usual custom in
forestry. Fields broken on swampy soil are not classed as swamps, as
an actual peat layer can frequently not be detected on them any longer.
Natural meadows and cultivated pastures on a swampy bottom are,
however, classed as swamps. On these lines the total land area of
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